The inhibitory drive arising from the basal ganglia is thought to prevent the occurrence of orienting movements of the eyes, head, and body in monkeys and other mammals. The direct projection from the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) to the superior colliculus (SC) mediates the inhibition. Since the original experiments in the SNr of monkeys the buildup or prelude neuron has been a focus ...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) employing high-frequency stimulation (HFS) is commonly used in the globus pallidus interna (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for treating motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although DBS improves motor function in most PD patients, disease progression and stimulation-induced nonmotor complications limit DBS in these areas. In this study, ...

In this paper, we propose an online SNR estimation scheme for generalized fading channels. We derive the SNR estimate based on a statistical ratio of observables over a block of data, when the channel undergoes Nakagami fading. An online SNR estimator for AWGN channels has been derived recently by Summers and Wilson. Our SNR estimation scheme in this paper is for a general Nakagami fading chann...

The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is a key basal ganglia output nucleus. Inhibitory outputs from SNr are encoded in spike frequency and pattern of the inhibitory SNr projection neurons. SNr output intensity and pattern are often abnormal in movement disorders of basal ganglia origin. In Parkinson's disease, histamine innervation and histamine H3 receptor expression in SNr may be increa...

In this paper, we propose an online SNR estimation scheme for Nakagami-m fading channels with equal gain diversity combining. We derive the SNR estimates based on the statistical ratio of certain observables over a block of received data. An online SNR estimator for an AWGN channel has been derived by Summers and Wilson. Recently, we derived an SNR estimation scheme for Nakagami-m fading channe...