The literature on social norms has often stressed that social disapproval is crucial to foster compliance with norms and promote fair and cooperative behavior. With this in mind, we explore the disapproval of allocation decisions using experimental data from five dictator games with a feedback stage. Our data suggests that subjects are heterogeneous in their disapproval patterns, distinguishing...

This article discusses 3 different strategies for dealing with the harmful consequences of drug use and other risky behaviors: We can discourage people from engaging in the behavior (prevalence reduction), we can encourage people to reduce the frequency or extent of the behavior (quantity reduction), or we can try to reduce the harmful consequences of the behavior when it occurs (harm reduction...

Background: Despite the implementation of harm reduction program, some injecting drug users (IDU) continue to engage in high-risk behaviors. It seems that there are some social factors that contribute to risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in IDUs. The aim of this study was to analysis the social network of IDUs and examines the effect of network location on HIV transmission...

extractit is in holy koran that one, who saves life of an individual from death, is likely to have saved all human beings. this sentence there is in mosaic law and probably in bible. on the other hand according to imman khomaini, if a doctor do harm for a patient, she/he is responsible, even if she/he has legal authorization. however sometime some physicians do mistakes which are opposite to me...

Many contemporary HIV prevention interventions targeting injection drug users (IDUs) have been implemented using Harm Reduction as a theoretical framework. Among drug-using individuals, however, the abstinence-based “getting clean” models espoused by Narcotics Anonymous and other widely adopted approaches to drug treatment are often more readily accepted. This paper describes an ethnographic ex...

This Article continues our project of applying new findings in the behavioral psychology of human happiness to some of the most deeply analyzed questions in law. When a state decides how to punish criminal offenders, at least one important consideration is the amount of harm any given punishment is likely to inflict. It would be undesirable , for example, to impose greater harm on those who com...

Starting in the 1970s and leading up to the present day, William Miller and his colleagues have been collecting experimental data about a moderate drinking intervention called Behavioral Self Control Training (BSCT) which has given us a lot of interesting data about who succeeds with a moderate drinking goal, who succeeds with an abstinence goal, who achieves a harm reduction goal, and who fail...