objective: we measured concept of bridging social capital by a new tool . all items used in the scale are in agreement with the theoretical literature on this concept. method: the research method was survey. the sample population was 376 students of isfahan university which were sampled through cluster sampling of multiple stages. after making a list and confirming the validity of questions by ...

We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between national and religious identification, Bicultural Identity Integration (BII), Social Complexity (SIC) among Muslim ado...

this paper studies the extent of ethnic nationalism among the turkmen students and investigates factors which led to the persistence of nationalistic attitude in their view. andrew heywood theories are employed to study the complexity and contradictory aspects of nationalism. hence three types of nationalism are presented for further steps of study. we expect to have the ethnic nationalism in g...

This two-part investigation evaluated four different explanations potentially governing theory on deprecating speech: social identity, expectancy violation, complexity-extremity, and desensitization. To test the descriptive and predictive usefulness of the first three theories, 614 participants made attributions of the perceived harm of actual racist slurs targeted at African, Asian, or Hispani...

Many studies have investigated social networks. So far little work has been done to explore the virtual identity construction in social network communities. The virtual identity that an individual constructed in the social network community may not be exactly same as his/her identity in the physical world. Using self-discrepancy theory and social capital theory as theoretical foundations, this ...