The politically polarized debate over the role of Medicare in deficit and debt reduction often ignores the accumulating evidence that the program can achieve significant spending reductions without sacrificing Medicare’s essential protections. The caricature of Medicare as a program out of control and in need of fundamental restructuring is wrong. Equally wrong are views that any significant ch...

Firewalls are a cornerstone of how sites implement “defense in depth.” Many security policies assume that outside attackers must first penetrate a firewall configured to block their access. This paper examines what firewalls protect against, and whether those protections are sufficient to warrant placing the current level of trust in firewalls.

Supply-side Social Security reforms to increase employment and delay benefit claiming among older individuals may be frustrated by age discrimination. We test for policy complementarities between supply-side Social Security reforms and demand-side efforts to deter age discrimination, specifically studying whether stronger state-level age discrimination protections enhanced the impact of the inc...

social entrepreneurship will create innovative solutions to solve critical social problems and mobilize the ideas, capacities, resources and social regulations needed for social changes. development of social entrepreneurship will undoubtedly play an important role in economic development, but because of social challenges that entrepreneurs have to cope with, it needs regulatory policies. revie...

Policy changes intended to delay retirements of older workers and extend their work lives may run up against demand-side barriers from age discrimination, and supply-side barriers owing to rising physical challenges of work as people age. We study three questions. How do age discrimination protections affect labor market transitions of workers encouraged to work longer by increases in Social Se...

While a lot of Psychologists, Sociologists and Criminologists, have profound anxiety with regard to growth of harshness in streets and public places, the probability of ones get into attack in family is more than it. Violence against women is a kind of violent behavior related to sexuality that leads to hurt or perhaps ensue to physical, sexually and psychological damages. The aim of this resea...

OBJECTIVE The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule enables healthcare organizations to share de-identified data via two routes. They can either 1) show re-identification risk is small (e.g., via a formal model, such as k-anonymity) with respect to an anticipated recipient or 2) apply a rule-based policy (i.e., Safe Harbor) that enumerates attributes to be altered (e....

Work stress is recognized globally as a social determinant of worker health. Therefore we explored whether work stress related factors explained national differences in health and productivity (gross domestic product (GDP)). We proposed a national worker health productivity model whereby macro market power factors (i.e. union density), influence national worker health and GDP via work psychosoc...