As state and local officials struggle with the challenge of organizing and implementing solid waste management programs, they are faced with choices laden with emotional, political, scientific and economic influences. Trash-to­ energy, an important part of many states' disposal options, brings with it policy issues reflective of its unique processes. Recycling, emissions levels, and ash managem...

The chemical bond arises from a redistribution of electronic charge when atoms are brought in close proximity. The bond in a solid results from the superposition of charge densities of all atoms in the system. In an atom all electrons reside in their ground states at equilibrium. Only a few low lying excited states are typically accessed. The chemical bond in the solid consists of excited elect...

Abstract The interplay of strong Coulomb interactions and topology is currently under intense scrutiny in various condensed matter atomic systems. One example this the phase competition fractional quantum Hall states Wigner solid two-dimensional electron gas. Here we report a at ν = 1.79 its melting due to correlations occurring 9/5. This solid, that call reentrant integer develops range Landau...

Shallow particulate beds on surfaces vibrating at ca. 25 Hz and an amplitude of a few millimetres display several states, in order of increasing bed depth: two ‘Newtonian states’ in which freely bouncing particles obey simple New tonian mechanics; a ‘coherentexpanded (C-E) state’ in which particles move together in loosely organized packets to form a turbulent shallow layer; and a ‘coherent-con...