Lexical sophistication is an important component of writing proficiency. New lexical indices related to range, n-gram frequency, psycholinguistic word information, academic language, polysemy, and hypernymy have yielded new insights into the construct of lexical sophistication and its relationship with second language (L2) acquisition and writing. For example, recent studies have suggested that...

The dangers that originate from acts of IT system misuse by legitimate users constitute a separate category of threats with well documented consequences for the integrity, privacy and availability of computer systems and networks. Amongst the various properties of malicious legitimate users one of the most notable ones is the level of his/her sophistication. Various studies indicate that user s...

This paper takes China’s carbon emission trading pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment, and adopts difference-in-difference approach data from 30 provinces in China 2008 to 2016 empirically study the influence of this on export technical sophistication. The empirical analysis revealed that can generate Porter effect progressively promote sophistication by reinforcing productivity. By analy...

This study presents a Japanese translation of the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI). The index consists 38 self-report questions and provides general sophistication score as well subscale scores for Active Engagement, Perceptual Abilities, Training, Singing Emotions. validation with 689 native speakers indicated excellent internal consistency test–retest reliability. Confirmato...

: This study aims to explore the relationship between syntactic and lexical complexity and also the relationship between different aspects of lexical complexity. To this end, speech monologs of 35 Iranian high-intermediate learners of English on three different tasks (i.e. argumentation, description, and narration) were analyzed for correlations between one measure of sy...