spasticity is the condition resulting of corticispinal damage as occurs in some neurological diseases. the aim of the article is to review the literature on assessment and treatment of spasticity and spastic limbs. the assessment and treatment methods are studied the study involves different method of mangement of spastic limbs in depth. different method of evaluation of spasticity, including b...

objectives: the main purpose of this research was to study and contribute to an accurate test of spastic limb. the intra, inter rater reliability of the test was examined. methods: the present study was carried out in two parts in the first part of the study, the modified ashworth scale with intermediate scores (asis) was studied. during the second part of the study the intra, inter rater relia...

Botulinum toxin injections may significantly improve lower limb kinematics in gait of children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy. Here we aimed to analyze the effect of lower limb botulinum toxin injections on trunk postural control and lower limb intralimb (intersegmental) coordination in children with spastic diplegia or spastic hemiplegia (GMFCS I or II). We recorded tridimensional trunk ...

Inadequate peak knee extension during the swing phase of gait is a major deficit in individuals with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). The biomechanical mechanisms responsible for knee extension have not been thoroughly examined in CP. The purpose of this study was to assess the contributions of joint moments and gravity to knee extension acceleration during swing in children with spastic hemiplegic...

OBJECTIVE To prospectively investigate the long-term effects of botulinum toxin treatment on the upper limb function and performance of school age children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy, who have limitations in performing activities of daily living and school activities, due to spasticity of the upper extremities. METHODS Botulinum type A toxin (BoNT-A) was injected into 24 spastic up...

Hereditary spastic paraplegias are a heterogeneous group of chronic central motor system disorders, characterised by progressive lower limb spasticity. Hereditary spastic paraplegia is clinically classified into pure and complicated forms, by the absence or presence of additional neurological or extra-neurological features. Hereditary spastic paraplegias follow all modes of inheritance and the ...

The hereditary spastic paraplegias are a group of neurodegenerative conditions that all share the principal clinical feature of progressive lower limb spastic paralysis, caused by either failure of development or progressive degeneration of the corticospinal tract. The conditions are characterised by extreme genetic heterogeneity, with at least 20 genes involved. Until recently, no functional o...

The purpose of this study was to compare the integrated EMG activity of spastic muscles in brain-damaged patients before and during splint application. Eight patients with spasticity that produced limb posturing were systematically monitored for EMG activity during a two-hour interval without a splint (Nonsplinted Condition), and during a subsequent two-hour period while wearing the splint (Spl...

The hereditary spastic paraplegias are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterised by lower limb spasticity. Although most cases represent a ‘pure’ form, variants with additional ‘complicating’ features have been documented [1]. We report a patient with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) having a demyelinating form of polyneuropathy which has not been previously associated with this condi...

Neural coupling of proximal and distal upper limb segments may have functional implications in the recovery of hemiparesis after stroke. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether the stretch reflex response magnitude of spastic finger flexor muscles poststroke is influenced by sensory input from the shoulder and the elbow and whether reflex coupling of muscles throughout the uppe...