statistical studies on palynology contents of late cretaceous to paleocene age gurpi formation in a surface section in zagros basin,sw iran indicate changes in abundance, species diversity, ratio of spiniferites to cyclonephelium (s/c), palynological marine index(pmi) values and organic facies. these palynological variations clearly reflect fluctuations in relative sea-level and depositionalenv...

buprestid beetles are one of the important components of the biodiversity of forest ecosystem in kurdistan province. different characteristics of biodiversity of buprestid beetles were studied by use of window trap, colored pan and colored sticky trap in these forests during 2009 and 2010. a total of 1205 specimens of 44 species were caught by use of considered traps during appearance of adults...

the diversity and richness of species are of important components to evaluate the health of ecologic system of rangelands. this research was conducted to investigate the biodiversity in riparian and neighboring areas via comparison of indices in javaherdeh rangeland of ramsar. plot-transects was randomly used to estimate diversity, richness, dominance, and evenness indices in two regions. multi...

the paper claims that the meaning of life in the philosophy of mulla sadra is equivocal (moshakik) and diverse not univocal (motawati). this diversity has its root in mulla sadra’s anthropological view, which states that man is not a single univocal species, but is an equivocal one or a genus including disparate species.  the central issue in this paper is to study the influence of gradual and ...

The Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus (Borodin, 1897), is an economically important species, which mainly inhabits the Caspian Sea. However, little is known about its population genetic structure. In this study, variation in nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of wild stock Persian sturgeon was determined to assess the genetic diversity among different natura...

Knowledge of the relationships between biotic components of rangeland ecosystem i.e. herbivores and plants is important for range managers. In order to study herbivorse grazing intensity on plant species diversity, an experiment was conductef using fuor grazing treatments in darrehshar rangelands, Ilam province in 2015. Plant species data were taken based on a randomized-systematic sampling met...

Decreased plant diversity is expected to reduce ecosystem function. Although many studies have examined eff ects of plant species on trophic interactions, information regarding eff ects of native or non-native plant diversity on performance of individuals of higher trophic levels is limited. We reared larval American toad Anaxyrus americanus tadpoles in outdoor mesocosms containing litter of 1,...