Accurate estimation of drought events is vital for the mitigation their adverse consequences on water resources, agriculture and ecosystems. Machine learning algorithms are promising methods prediction as they require less time, minimal inputs, relatively complex than dynamic or physical models. In this study, a combination machine with Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)...

introduction: drought is a recurrent feature of climate that caused by deficiency of precipitation over time. due to the rise in water demand and alarming climate change, recent year’s observer much focus on drought and drought conditions. a multiple types of deficits and relevant temporal scales can be achieved through the construction of a joint indicator that draws on information from multip...

Here, we provided a comprehensive analysis of long-term drought and climate extreme patterns in the agro ecological zones (AEZs) Pakistan during 1980–2019. Drought trends were investigated using standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at various timescales (SPEI-1, SPEI-3, SPEI-6, SPEI-12). The results showed that droughts (seasonal annual) more persistent severe southern, so...

Su kaynakları planlaması ve yönetiminde kuraklığın tanımlanması, izlenmesi karakterizasyonu büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Samsun kent merkezinde bulunan 17030 no’lu meteoroloji istasyonundan 1938-2020 dönemi için aylık yağış verileri Standart Yağış İndeksi (SPI) ile Standartlaştırılmış Evapotranspirasyon (SPEI) kullanılarak kuraklık analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ilk kısmında, iklim d...

Extreme weather events are likely to occur more often under climate change and the resulting effects on ecosystems could lead to a further acceleration of climate change. But not all extreme weather events lead to extreme ecosystem response. Here, we focus on hazardous ecosystem behaviour and identify coinciding weather conditions. We use a simple probabilistic risk assessment based on time ser...

In this article, meteorological and agricultural droughts across the Erbil province, Iraq, were assessed using remote sensing data satellite products. To end, long-term (2000–2022) Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at 1- 3-month accumulation periods (SPEI-1 SPEI-3) as well Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) utilized. While former was retrieved from global SPE...

Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA isomerization was studied by using a viral mutant, 5B8, lacking the unique SpeI site of its parent, SC16. In coinfected cells, SC16 genomic long segments flanked 5B8 genomes in all possible orientations with similar frequencies. Thus, recombination between progeny of different replication templates is sufficient to explain genomic isomerization.

NotI, the most prevalent restriction enzyme used for typing Moraxella catarrhalis, failed to digest genomic DNA from respiratory samples. An improved pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) methodology determined SpeI as the best choice for typing this bacterial species, with a good restriction of clinical samples and a good clustering correlation with NotI.

Eight strains of Legionella pneumophila were used to optimize cleavage of DNA with BssHII, SalI, or SpeI and separation by pulsed-field electrophoresis. Isolates from a community outbreak involving a contaminated hot tub were genomically identical. Cleavage patterns were distinctly different for unrelated environmental and nosocomial strains from a single hospital.