We have used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to derive a restriction map of the chromosome of Bordetella pertussis for the enzymes XbaI, SpeI, PacI, and PmeI, which cleave 25, 16, 2, and 1 times, respectively. The apparent size of the genome is 3,750 kb. The positions of genes for major virulence determinants in the vir regulon and of some housekeeping genes were determined. Apart from the pre...

Climate change and solar geoengineering have different implications for drought. can “speed up” the hydrological cycle, but it causesgreater evapotranspiration than historical climate because of higher temperatures. Solar (stratospheric aerosol injection), on other hand, tends to “slow down” cycle while reducing potential evapotranspiration. There are two common definitions drought that take th...

Flash drought is the result of strong precipitation deficits and/or anomalous increases in atmospheric evaporative demand (AED), which triggers a rapid decline soil moisture and stresses vegetation over short periods time. However, little known about role AED development flash droughts. For this paper, we compared standardized index (SPI) based on precipitation, (EDDI) AED, evaporation (SPEI) d...

Based on the data of 82 meteorological stations and six representative hydrological in four provinces Southwest China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing), this paper uses standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) runoff (SRI) to analyze spatial temporal evolution characteristics drought study area from 1968 2018. Combined with monsoon historical data, correlation applicabilit...

To increase the accuracy of drought prediction, this study proposes a forecasting method based on Informer model. Taking Yellow River Basin as an example, accuracies Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and models multiple timescales Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were compared analyzed. The results indicate that, with incr...

PacI and SpeI restriction maps were obtained for the two chromosomes of each of the six species of the genus Brucella: B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis, B. ovis, and B. neotomae. Three complementary techniques were used: hybridization with the two replicons as probes, cross-hybridization of restriction fragments, and a new mapping method. For each type strain, a unique I-SceI site w...

The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of drought such as intensity, cumulative curves and trends, based on SPEI (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index) at 8 stations in Korea from 1981 to 2010. The traditional SPEI is based on Thornthwaite equation for estimating evapotranspiration; SPEI_th. However, a standard of agricultural water management in Korea suggests F...