background: an effective polymer gel dosimeter can be fabricated by varying the composition of its chemical components. materials and methods: the magat gel dosimeter formulations that used different compositions of methacrylic acid (maa) and gelatin were extensively investigated in the present study according to the r2–dose response and r2–dose sensitivity. the irradiation of magat gel was per...

A theory is introduced for spin relaxation and spin diffusion of hopping carriers in a disordered system. For disorder described by a distribution of waiting times between hops (e.g., from multiple traps, site-energy disorder, and/or positional disorder) the dominant spin relaxation mechanisms in organic semiconductors (hyperfine, hopping-induced spin-orbit, and intrasite spin relaxation) each ...

Spin-exchange optical pumping [1] uses spin-exchange collisions between He atoms and optically pumped Rb atoms to produce large quantities of highly spin-polarized He for a variety of applications, including medical imaging [2] and spin-polarized targets [3]. The efficiency of polarized He production is determined by two fundamental rates: the Rb-He spin-exchange rate and the Rb spinrelaxation ...

First-principles calculations of the essential spin-orbit and spin relaxation properties of phosphorene are performed. Intrinsic spin-orbit coupling induces spin mixing with the probability of b2 ≈ 10−4, exhibiting a large anisotropy, following the anisotropic crystalline structure of phosphorene. For realistic values of the momentum relaxation times, the intrinsic (Elliott-Yafet) spin relaxati...

Electron spin relaxation caused by the D’yakonov-Perel’ mechanism is investigated theoretically in asymmetrical A3B5 heterostructures. The total spin relaxation anisotropy is demonstrated for a wide range of structure parameters and temperatures. The spin relaxation rates dependences are derived for GaAs-based heterojunction and triangular quantum well. The calculations show a few orders of mag...

The elimination of extrinsic sources of spin relaxation is key to realizing the exceptional intrinsic spin transport performance of graphene. Toward this, we study charge and spin transport in bilayer graphene-based spin valve devices fabricated in a new device architecture that allows us to make a comparative study by separately investigating the roles of the substrate and polymer residues on ...