the down-flow hanging sponge (dhs) reactor, which was developed for post-treatment of effluent from up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) process treating sewage, uses polyurethane sponge as media to retain biomass. wastewater is trickled from the top of the reactor and purified by microorganisms retained both inside and outside of the sponge media as the wastewater flows vertically down thr...

the down-flow hanging sponge (dhs) reactor, which was developed for post-treatment of effluent from up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) process treating sewage, uses polyurethane sponge as media to retain biomass. wastewater is trickled from the top of the reactor and purified by microorganisms retained both inside and outside of the sponge media as the wastewater flows vertically down thro...

rice bran is a major by-product of the rice milling process that contains high amounts of fiber, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals as well as antioxidants and hence can be utilized in enriching food products. the main aim followed in this study was to determine the effects of rice bran of variable particle sizes (53, 125 and 210 µm) and its quantity (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) on the quality of bat...

The Sponge function is known to achieve 2 security, where c is its capacity. This bound was carried over to keyed variants of the function, such as SpongeWrap, to achieve a min{2, 2} security bound, with κ the key length. Similarly, many CAESAR competition submissions are designed to comply with the classical 2 security bound. We show that Spongebased constructions for authenticated encryption ...

This study investigates the effect of pore size and porosity on the maximum cell concentration in sponge through their influence on nutrient diffusion and surface area. Brownian dynamics simulation is employed to analyze the effect of pore size and porosity exerted on effective diffusivity of sponge. Only porosity is found to have prominent impact on effective diffusivity of nutrient. Simple ge...

The size and morphology of particulate polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge prepared by a blender technique for embolotherapy were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. Techniques for preparation and sizing of PVA sponge particles are described. Two types of particulate material, differing in both size and morphology, were found. Large particles (greater than 50 micron) had irregular sh...

Spatial variability in abundance and size of sponges are poorly understood compared with other sessile organisms such as corals. A hierarchical survey design across 3 spatial scales — sites nested in locations nested in island groups — examined variation in sponge size and abundance for the common coral reef sponge Coscinoderma matthewsi (Lendenfed, 1886) (Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida) in Torre...

A novel fluidized bed bioreactor (FBBR) was designed by integration of anaerobic granular activated carbon and aerobic sponge reactors. This FBBR was evaluated at different sponge volume fractions for treating a synthetic wastewater. Polyester urethane sponge with cube size of 1 × 1 × 1 cm and density of 28-30 kg/m(3) with 90 cells per 25 mm was used as biomass carrier. The results indicate tha...

The effects of polyurethane sponge size and type on the performance of an up-flow sponge bioreactor were studied using different sponge cube sizes (1 x 1 x 1 cm, 2 x 2 x 2 cm and 3 x 3 x 3 cm) and types of sponge (S28-30/45R, S28-30/60R, S28-30/80R and S28-30/90R). The reactors were operated under anaerobic conditions in an early stage and an aerobic condition in a latter stage. The results ind...

Over the past decade, development along the northern coast of Jamaica has accelerated, resulting in elevated levels of sedimentation on adjacent reefs. To understand the effects of this development on sponge community dynamics, we conducted surveys at three locations with varying degrees of adjacent coastal development to quantify species richness, abundance and diversity at two depths (8-10 m ...