conclusions the result of the present study confirmed that students participating in different organized sports at high school level are at a very high risk of getting orodental injury. hence knowledge and education regarding prevention of traumatic injuries is of paramount importance. results 30.3% (n = 335) of students suffered from orodental injuries. a higher number of girls had injury (32%...

Background. Despite the research being accomplished so far, there is no clear answer to the question that "Does sports help to prevent and reducing the abuse of drug, alcohol, and smoking in young people as it believed in public". Objective(s). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sports activity and experience of smoking, alcohol and drug abuse among...

Theoretical and empirical models explore the effects of a gender equity regulation imposed on an athletic director at a nonprofit university. The behavioral model predicts a decrease in the total number of sports teams and a net decrease in the number of men’s teams, suggesting that the regulation has unintended consequences. The empirical analysis confirms the theory and identifies the size an...

Background. Through years of spectator interaction, historical moments, heroic performances, and the creation of traditions or rituals, these established teams are excellent examples of brand communities. For newly introduced teams, these elements are likely to be in short supply and many of them struggle to build a community around their sport team. Objectives. This study explored brand co...

When considering professionals sports leagues, the common topic of discussion is usually about individual players or favorite hometown teams. Sports enthusiasts are the first to rattle off a laundry list of statistics about teams and players, but do they realize they are openly discussing that player’s efficiency in terms of labor? Although it is a popular form of entertainment there is a marke...

emotions and the intelligence dominant over them play an important role in interpersonal situations. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of emotional intelligence on team effectiveness. the population consisted of those sport teams participating in the 11th sports olympiad (2012) (n=1952). 322 athletes were selected according to morgan table. emotional intelligence questionnaire (sy...