Afghan state collapse in August 2021 once again put discussion about state-building strategies post-conflict scenarios. This article explores fundamental causes of failure Afghanistan and proposes an explanation based, for one side, on policy inability to generate internal legitimacy local ownership necessary State consolidation sustainability born from military intervention 2001; the other, ho...

while the application of optical and photonic technologies in the communications, computing, medicine and industrial manufacturing has been growing rapidly, the miniaturization of these technologies has been slow due to the limitation on the diffraction. however, the developments of nanoscale components and guiding methods are continuing with a rapid pace. since waveguiding is a fundamental iss...

This paper deals with Markovian models which are deened on a nite-dimensional discrete state space, and possess a stationary state distribution of a product-form. We view the space of such models as a mathematical object, and explore its structure. We focus on models on an orthant Z n + , which are homogeneous within subsets of Z n + called walls, and permit only state transitions whose k k 1-l...

We consider the Higgs sector in an extension of the MSSM involving an extra U(1) gauge symmetry and SM singlet U(1)charged scalars, in which the effective μ parameter is decoupled from the Z mass. There are large mixings between Higgs doublets and singlets, significantly affecting the Higgs spectrum, production cross sections, decay modes, exclusion limits, and allowed parameters ranges. Scalar...