purpose : to assess the results of 1-minute and 5-minute schirmer's test (st) when the eyes are open (sto) and closed (stc) in normal participants. methods : in a comparative, observational case series study, 34 normal volunteers were included in the study. inclusion criteria were normal ophthalmologic findings except for refractive errors, no use of contact lenses, no history of previous ...

Seaweed, a popular and abundant food ingredient mainly consumed in Asian countries, is a good source of bioactive compounds with anti-obesity effects. However, the anti-obesity effects of Sargassum thunbergii have not yet been established. In this study, we isolated six indole derivatives (STCs)-indole-2-carboxaldehyde (STC-1), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (STC-2), indole-4-carboxaldehyde (STC-3), i...

Stanniocalcin (STC) is a 28 kD glycoprotein hormone originally found in bony fish in which it regulates calcium/phosphate homeostasis and protects against hypercalcemia. The recently characterized mammalian STC shows about 70% homology with fish STC. The epithelial cells of proximal tubuli in human and rat kidney and brain neurons have been found to express STC. Here we show that the epithelium...

Stanniocalcin (STC) is a homodimeric glycoprotein hormone implicated in calcium and phosphate regulation in both teleost fish and mammals. In the present study, immunostaining with salmon STC antiserum demonstrated that STC cells were localized in both the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) and in specific cells of the distal renal tubules of the silver arawana, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, an ancient ra...

In most mammalian tissues, the stanniocalcin-1 gene (STC-1) produces a 50-kDa polypeptide hormone known as STC50. Within the ovaries, however, the STC-1 gene generates three higher-molecular-mass variants known as big STC. Big STC is targeted locally to corpus luteal cells to block progesterone release. During pregnancy and lactation, however, ovarian big STC production increases markedly, and ...

Recently, receptors for the calcium-regulating glycoprotein hormone stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) have been found within subfornical organ (SFO), a central structure involved in the regulation of electrolyte and body fluid homeostasis. However, whether SFO neurons produce STC-1 and how STC-1 may function in fluid homeostasis are not known. Two series of experiments were done in Sprague-Dawley rats to...

A total of 150 growing ducks were assigned to five dietary treatments to study the effect of sea tangle and charcoal (STC) supplementation on growth performance and meat characteristics in a completely randomized design. There were six replicates and five ducklings in each replication. The five dietary treatments were control, antibiotic, and 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% STC supplemented diets. No signif...

Stanniocalcin‑1 (STC‑1), a secreted glycoprotein, is highly expressed in a variety of human malignancies. However, the role of STC‑1 has not been fully elucidated in breast cancer cells. Here, we investigated whether STC‑1 acts as a prognostic factor in triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, and we explored the cellular mechanism in breast cancer cells. The level of STC‑1 expression was...

BACKGROUND The availability of a dual sodium glucose co-transporter 2/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor combination in a single-tablet combination (STC) represents a new therapeutic option for patients with type 2 diabetes. Empagliflozin/linagliptin STC has been recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM The aim of this st...

Stanniocalcin (STC) is a homodimeric glycoprotein hormone that was first discovered in fish, where it is produced by unique endocrine glands known as the corpuscles of Stannius (CS). In freshwater salmon, STC plays an integral role in Ca2+ and phosphate homeostasis. High levels of extracellular Ca2+promote the synthesis and release of STC, which on entering the bloodstream reduces the levels of...