A soil core, obtained from a contaminated field site, contaminated with a mixture of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOC and SVOC) was subjected to air and steam flushing. Removal rates of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds were monitored during flushing. Air flushing removed a significant portion of the VOC present in the soil, but a significant decline in removal rate oc...

The dangers posed by non-condensable gases (NCGs) in steam sterilisation processes have long been underestimated. Biological indicators, or the best chemical indicators on the market, do not signal the presence of a NCG content of up to 10% in a sterilisation process so long as there is mixing of steam and NCGs in the sterilisation chamber. Already back in 1963, Bowie and Dick (1) demonstrated ...

teurizers (1). I f these various precautions are not sufficient to produce a satisfactory steam supply, the alternative is the production of culinary steam from potable water, using the unsatisfactory primary steam supply as a source of heat. The 3A recommended practice just referred to includes a sketch of the recommended location of the parts necessary for such an installation. The other alte...

We present a model of a geothermal system supplied at depth by saturated steam. It is shown that as steam rises from depth to lower pressure regions, liquid forms for pressures greater than 3.1 MPa. Once the pressure reaches 3.1MPa and the steam continues to rise into even lower pressure regions, it becomes superheated. Condensate does not form in the zone where pressures are less than 3.1MPa. ...

In applications involving external condensation in the presence of noncondensable gases (NCG), there is a growing interest horizontal tubes because they minimize condensate resistance, and hence reduce adverse effects NCGs. literature, experimental heat transfer rates are summarized empirical correlations that fit underlying data, but do not cover spectrum possible steam-NCG mixtures thermal co...

In the present study, the CUPID code was coupled with a system analysis code MARS and the coupled code was applied for the simulation of the PASCAL test facility [1], which is constructed to validate the cooling performance of the Passive Auxiliary Feedwater System (PAFS). The two-phase phenomena in the steam supply system including the condensation in the Passive Condensate Heat Exchanger (PCH...

certain gases, principally oxygen,o , and carbon dioxide, co , dissolved in water accelerate its corrosive properties. the rate of corrosion is approximately in prportion to the quantity of gas dissolved. the removal of gases from water, as practiced in steam station, is effected by mechanical and thermal treatment , by addition of chemicals, or by combinations of these processes, the most wide...

Mathematical model for a multiple effect evaporator system with condensate-, feedand productflash and steam splitting Ravindra Bhargava, Shabina Khanam*, Bikash Mohanty & Amiya K Ray Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rour...

-The safe and efficient operation of a nuclear power plant is highly dependent upon the knowledge and skill of power plant operating personnel. There are many techniques and methodologies available in imparting knowledge to increase the skill sets of Nuclear power plant operators. The emerging technologies include Full Scope Replica Simulators (FSRS), 3-D Visualization and Virtual Reality for b...