traditional survey methods may cause refusals to respond or untruthful replies when encounter the sensitive questions. the randomized response technique (rrt) is designed to decrease social desirability bias and obtain reliable estimates. this study aimed to apply these new methods on the sensitive questions survey.simmons model was applied in the survey of issues relevant to commercial sex amo...

Designing an efficient large-area survey is a challenge, especially in environmental science when many populations are rare and clustered. Adaptive and unequal probability sampling designs are appealing when populations are rare and clustered because survey effort can be targeted to subareas of high interest. For example, higher density subareas are usually of more interest than lower density a...

The two main and contradicting criteria guiding sampling design are accuracy of estimators and sampling costs. In stratified random sampling, the sample size must be allocated to strata in order to optimize both objectives. In this note we address, following a biobjective methodology, this allocation problem. A two-phase method is proposed to describe the set of Pareto-optimal solutions of this...

In two-phase sampling, the second-phase sample is often a stratified sample based on the information observed in the first-phase sample. For the total of a population characteristic, either the double-expansion estimator or the reweighted expansion estimator can be used. Given a consistent first-phase replication variance estimator, we propose a consistent variance estimator that is applicable ...