ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L. (Leguminosae), a widely used Chinese medicine in folk, has been used for the treatment of traumatic injury, stasis pain, amenorrhea, dysmenorrheal, as well as stabbing pain in the chest, abdomen and so on. Protosappanin B and brazilin, as the major bioactive homoisoflavones of Sappan Lignum, are used as the marker components ...

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFRtk) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are important factors in cardiovascular complications. Understanding whether enhanced EGFRtk activity and ER stress induction are involved in cardiac damage, and microvascular dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus is an important question that has remained unanswered. Cardiac fibrosis and microvasc...

Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis induces hyperglycemia and serotonin (5-HT)2A receptor supersensitivity. In the present study, to investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on the function of 5-HT2A receptors, we compared the 5-HT2A receptor-mediated wet-dog shake responses in rats treated with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), dexamethasone and streptozotocin. ACTH...

Diabetes mellitus both (Type 1 and Type 2) are one of the common causes for activation platelet. Inflammation-induced abnormal platelet function contributes to chronic complications, which leading death morbidity among diabetics. Rac1 has been shown regulate a variety functions; predicted Rac1could release CXCL4, leads kidney injury in Mellitus. mellitus' effect on activation, 21kD G-protein im...

Recent evidence suggests that melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), a neuronal class regulating non-image forming (NIF) vision and generally thought to be injury resistant, are dysfunctional in certain neurodegenerative diseases. Although disrupted NIF visual functions have been reported patients animals with diabetes, it remains controversial wheth...

The article discusses the issues about effect of Armadin on hepatic transaminase in rats with acute generalized peritonitis background diabetes mellitus. experiment was performed 48 white male adult rats, which were divided into two groups. experimental group – animals simulated against streptozotocin-induced drug “Armadin” (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) application (n=24). control with...

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increasing worldwide, and there are no long-term preventive strategies to stop this growth. Emerging research shows that perturbations in the gut microbiome significantly contribute development T2D, while modulators may be beneficial for T2D prevention. However, effective, safe, affordable, able administered daily not yet available. Based on o...

When cultures of pancreatic islet cells are exposed to the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside, to enzymatically generated reactive oxygen intermediates or to streptozotocin cell lysis occurs after 4-12 h. We report here that a heat shock at 43 degrees C for 90 min reduces cell lysis from nitric oxide (0.45 mM sodium nitroprusside) by 70%, from reactive oxygen intermediates (12 mU xanthine ...

The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of rutin on early diabetic neuropathy in experimental animals. Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to different groups of rats. Four weeks after injection of streptozotocin, rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.), metformin (200 mg/kg, p.o.) and sertraline (30 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered in diabetic rats (n=5) for three weeks. The a...

The present study was undertaken to explore the potential of erythropoietin in memory deficits of mice. Memory impairment was produced by scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (i.c.v STZ, 3 mg/kg, 10 µl, 1(st) and 3(rd) day) in separate groups of animals. Morris water-maze test was employed to assess learning and memory. The levels of brain thio-barbituric aci...