backgrounds: vitamin d deficiency is a public health concern even in sunny areas, so we decided to assess the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency and its related factors among university students in shiraz. methods: this cross‑sectional study was carried out on 254 (128 male and 126 female) university students. demographic questionnaires and a questionnaire on exposure to sun light and sun prote...

the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of saffron as a natural sunscreen and moisturizer. the pollens of the saffron were dried and powdered in a grinder. the experimental formulations included a homosalate (8%) lotion reference, lotions with 2, 4 and 8% of grinded saffron, and the control lotion base without saffron. the lotions containing saffron were prepared like homosal...

decade, I am as disappointed with negative results as you are. However, those results cannot be wiped out because of the technicalities you mention (and which we disagree with, as mentioned above). As Sun Tzu says in the Art of War: “Fight, but know where there are sufficiencies and deficiencies.” Our study does give an answer to the limited question of the effect of short-term treatment on mod...

BACKGROUND Outdoor workers are at risk of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, and may have difficulty using sun protection. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of sun protection behaviors in a sample of outdoor construction workers, and to assess which factors predict better sun protection practices. METHODS Participants were recruited via construction unions. Workers answered a ...

The sun glint is a major issue for the observation of ocean color from space. For sensors without a tilting capacity, the observations at sub-tropical latitudes are contaminated by the bright pattern of the specular reflexion of the sun by the wavy sea surface. Common atmospheric correction algorithms are not designed to work in these observation conditions, reducing the spatial coverage at suc...

Author affiliations: Centre for Medical Anthropology and Behavioral Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.T.F. Lau); Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China (J.T.F. Lau); Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.T.F. Lau, Z. Wang, Y. Kim, Q. Zhou, P. Cheng); Sun Yat-sen ...

We present a theoretical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model describing the time-dependent expulsion of a three-dimensional coronal mass ejection (CME) out of the solar corona. The model relates the white-light appearance of the CME to its internal magnetic Ðeld, which takes the form of a closed bubble, Ðlled with a partly anchored, twisted magnetic Ñux rope, and embedded in an otherwise open backg...

Additional Contributions:We are indebted to themycological laboratory staff of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-senMemorial Hospital, including Li Yan Xi, MD, PhD; ChangMing Lu, MD; Sha Lu, MD, PhD; and Ying Hui Liu, MD, without whose invaluable assistance this study could not have been performed. These persons received no payment for their contributions beyond that received in the normal course...

Understanding how Earth has sustained surface liquid water throughout its history remains a key challenge, given that the Sun's luminosity was much lower in the past. Here we show that with an atmospheric composition consistent with the most recent constraints, the early Earth would have been significantly warmed by H(2)-N(2) collision-induced absorption. With two to three times the present-day...