We have used 4752 days of data collected by the Birmingham SolarOscillations Network (BiSON) to determine very precise oscillation frequencies of acoustic low-degree modes that probe the solar core. We compare the fine (small frequency) spacings and frequency separation ratios formed from these data with those of different solar models. We find that models constructed with low metallicity are i...

Most researchers defend cocoa agroforests as a model, which guarantees sustainable cocoa production while protecting biodiversity. However, in most countries, farmers' strategies favour "full sun" cocoa farms, close to the concept of monoculture. Why this apparent paradox? Field surveys were conducted in 2005 and 2008 with 180 migrant and autochthon farmers in four districts of Ghana, including...

Institutional entrepreneurship implicit in a firm's sponsorship of its technology as a common standard is beset by several challenges. These challenges arise from a standard's property to enable and constrain even as potential competitors agree to cooperate on its creation. Our exploration of Sun Microsystems's sponsorship of its Java technology suggests that standards-in-the-making generate se...

Junjie Yang, Bingbing Sun, He Huang, Yu Jiang, Liuyang Diao, Biao Chen, 8 Chongmao Xu, Xin Wang, Jinle Liu, Weihong Jiang, Sheng Yang 9 10 1 Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai 11 Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China 12 2 Shanghai Research Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai 201201 ,...

1. BfR recommends using combinations of UV filters and ingredients in the formulations of cosmetic products in a manner that enables to keep the amount of individual filters and also the sum of the filters used for the protection aimed as low as possible. The permitted maximum concentrations for the individual UV filters must not be exceeded. Furthermore, UV filters added should contribute cons...

Background: Sun protection materials have been one of the major concerns in pharmaceutical industry since almost one century ago. Various materials have been found to have such an effect but there are still many unknown substances that have not been discovered.Objective: To introduce a novel mineral-based sun lotion with considerable UV absorption properties compared to commercially available s...

BACKGROUND First-degree relatives of melanoma survivors have a substantially higher lifetime risk for melanoma than individuals with no family history. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the primary modifiable risk factor for the disease. Reducing UV exposure through sun protection may be particularly important for children with a parental history of melanoma. Nonetheless, limited prior...

AIM To determine the Turkish primary school students' sun protection behaviors and their individual risk factors associated with skin cancer. METHODS The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 6th-8th graders (11-14 age group) from a primary school in the western part of Turkey. A self-report questionnaire was administered. The response rate was 86.0 %. RESULTS The mean age of studen...

We present new results on the structure of the solar core, obtained with new sets of frequencies of solar low-degree p modes obtained from the BiSON network. We find that different methods used in extracting the different sets of frequencies cause shifts in frequencies, but the shifts are not large enough to affect solar structure results. We find that the BiSON frequencies show that the solar ...