The importance of a long-term relationship between a manufacturing ®rm and its supplier(s) has been emphasized in the literature on supply chain management. Essential to such a relationship is the coordination among participants in a supply chain. In order to sustain the relationship, the coordination should enhance the pro®tability of not only the manufacturer, but also the supplier(s). In thi...

Most studies on supply chain coordination assume that consumers are rational. However, with the development of e-commerce, consumer-bounded rationality has become an important issue respect to coordination. Based assumption some loyal offline shop and others reference-dependent, this article examines mechanism vertical restraints their competitive effects. This research study found compared rat...

Coordinating supply chains has been a major issue in supply chain management research. This paper focuses on the coordination of supply chains with downside-risk-averse agents. Motivating by the revenue sharing contract, we developed the sufficient conditions for the coordination of the supply chain with one downside-risk-averse agent. Following the sufficient conditions, the downside protectio...

The importance of supply chains in pharmacological industry is remarkable so that nowadays many pharmacological supply chains have an effective and critical role for supplying and distributing drugs in health area. So, this study studies a three-echelon pharmacological supply chain contained multi-distributor of raw materials, a pharmaceutical factory, and multi-drug distributors companies such...

In this paper we study the coordination of the two-echelon supply chain using credit and quantity discount options. We determine the retail price, order quantity for the buyer, and the setup frequency, credit period for the supplier in four different scenarios (with or without coordination and with or without credit option). And we suggest a policy that incorporates both quantity discount and c...

The importance and complexity of the problems associated with coordinating multiple organizations to configure value propositions for customers has drawn the attention of multiple disciplines. In an effort to clarify and consolidate terms, this conceptual research examines both supply chain management (SCM) and system of systems (SoS) literature to postulate, from a value-chain perspective, wha...

Background In Rwanda, 30,000 volunteer community health workers (CHWs) treat children under five for pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria. A 2010 community supply chain (SC) assessment identified a lack of SC skills and poor coordination between CHWs, health centres (HCs) and districts as barriers to CHW product availability. SC4CCM tested standard resupply procedures (RSPs) and multi-level quality...