jujube (ziziphus jujuba mill.) is a native, economic iranian plant mainly cultivated in birjand. it is a deciduous shrub or tree with plain leaves with alternate placement pattern, androgynous flowers and hard fruits whose fruit and wood are used. mycorrhiza is the most prevalent symbiosis between the fungi and vascular plants which has various types. due to the beneficial effects of this symbi...

Symbiosis, the collaboration of multiple organisms from different species, is common in nature. A related phenomenon, symbiogenesis, the creation of new species through the genetic integration of symbionts, is a powerful alternative to crossover as a variation operator in evolutionary algorithms. It has inspired several previous models that use the repeated composition of pre-adapted entities. ...

Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is one of the most productive and economical systems for nitrogen fixation, and previous studies have shown that several nodule-specific C2H2-zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) play important roles in symbiosis establishment and nodule function. However, C2H2-ZFPs are the most widespread ZFPs in eukaryotes, and a great variation of structure and function exist among the fam...

Legumes are agronomically valuable crops for food and fodder production worldwide because they are rich in protein, oil, fiber, and micronutrients. In addition, legumes require less chemical fertilizer than other major crop plants since they can assimilate some nutrients through symbiotic interactions with soil microbes. These relationships are mutually beneficial for the partners because the p...

Significance The insect respiratory system consists of tubular tracheae that transport oxygen to the organs. We show that, in pest Riptortus pedestris , establishment an essential symbiosis gut with aerobic bacterial species Burkholderia insecticola triggers development extensive tracheal network enveloping gut. Genetically blocking trachea formation prevents this symbiosis. further discovered ...

Jared Leadbetter takes us for a nature walk through the diversity of life resident in the termite hindgut--a microenvironment containing 250 different species found nowhere else on Earth. Jared reveals that the symbiosis exhibited by this system is multi-layered and involves not only a relationship between the termite and its gut inhabitants, but also involves a complex web of symbiosis among t...

When considering domain-specific languages that are not purely static, the question arises how programs written in the DSL can interact with those of the base language. We propose to apply the concept of linguistic symbiosis as a standard for evaluating mechanisms that allow such an interaction. Linguistic symbiosis in general refers to the ability of programs written in different languages to ...