secret is one of the key notions in studying the content of ibn 'arabi's mysticism. secret is a divine bounty which conferred upon the creatures by god and indicates a path stretching byond the reason. as an extension of secret god can be experienced by the mystic. of course undestanding god is a matter of faith and intuition and does not fit the medium of reason. the limits of langua...

In this paper we propose a neural-symbolic architecture to represent and reason with norms in multi-agent systems. On the one hand, the architecture contains a symbolic knowledge base to represent norms and on the other hand it contains a neural network to reason with norms. The interaction between the symbolic knowledge and the neural network is used to learn norms. We describe how to handle n...

This paper presents a symbolic reasoning algorithm for use in the construction of mixed-initiative inter&aces; that is, interfaces allowing several human or machine agents to share collectively the control of an ongoing, real-time activity. The algorithm, called Incremental Inference, is based on propositional logic and is related in structure to the Truth Maintenance System; however, the notio...

many of the great persian poems have powerful narrative structure and they transfer ideas and concepts from the language of different real or symbolic characters. one poem that is categorized in this field is  chahar chaman, a poem by shahdaie shirzi. this article aims at answering the question that what kind of belief and thought are each of the symbolic characters going to present? and how do...

In this paper we present a newapproach to a symbolic treatment of quan-tified statements having the following form "Q A's are B's", knowing that A and Bare labels denoting sets,and Q is a linguistic quantifier interpreted as a proportion evaluated in a qualitative way.Our model can be viewed as a symbolic generalization of statistical conditional probability notions as well as a symbolic genera...

This essay has two primary objectives. First, acknowledging the fact that the philosopher’s fundamental responsibility, due to the conditions of social order in many regions and nations around the world, requires not merely thought but also actions that transform this world into a more equitable and inclusive one, the author proposes to show the reader a simple way (among many other possibiliti...

Symbolic methods for reasoning about the security of cryptographic systems have for some time concentrated mainly on protocols. More recently, however, we see a rising interest in the use of symbolic methods to reason about the security of algorithms as well, especially algorithms that are built by combining well-defined primitives. For this kind of application two things are generally required...

Symbolic resources for text synthesis and text analysis are typically created and stored separately. In our case, we have a KPMLresource (Nigel) and a CCG for English. In this paper, we argue that reversing efficient resources such as ours cannot in general be achieved. For this reason, we propose a symbolic map that can be converted automatically into both synthesisand analysis-oriented resour...