background and objective: evaluation of degenerative changes of motoneurons and their related synapses can be useful in understanding the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and their potential treatment. the present electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study investigates the axotomy-induced changes of adult spinal motoneurons up to 3 months following sciatic nerve transection. mat...

introduction: spreading depression (sd) is a propagating wave of depolarization followed by depression of the neuroglial activities and can modulate extracellular dopamine concentrations in the neocortex. it has been shown that the dopaminergic system plays a role in migraine. sd has been suggested as a critical phenomenon in the pathophysiology of migraine. the aim of this study was to investi...

background: mediodorsal (md) thalamic nucleus, which is considered to take place between extra pyramidal and limbic feedback circuit, receives projective fibers from ventrolateral neurons of reticular part of substantia nigra (snr). in order to better understand the influence and chemical reaction of these fibers upon md nucleus, the morphology and synaptology of them were examined in the prese...

Abstract Domain-wall-synapse-based crossbar arrays have been shown to be very efficient, in terms of speed and energy consumption, while implementing fully connected neural network algorithms for simple data-classification tasks, both inference on-chip-learning modes. But more complex realistic convolutional networks (CNN) need trained through such arrays. In this paper, we carry out device–cir...

As smartphones are widely adopted, mobile applications (apps) emerging to provide critical services such as food delivery and telemedicine. While bring convenience everyday life, this trend may create barriers for older adults who tend be less tech-savvy than young people. In-person or screen sharing support is helpful but limited by the help-givers' availability. Video tutorials can useful req...

The synchronization behaviors of memristive synapse-coupled fractional-order neuronal networks are investigated in this paper. Based on the integer-order network, a model is proposed, and ring network composed subnetworks constructed. Then, two neurons discussed numerically. These research results suggest several novel phenomena allow conclusions to be drawn. For coupled neurons, different frac...

T lymphocytes (T cells) are the major mediators of adaptive immune response. They detect pathogens primarily via interaction their cell receptor (TCR) with cognate pathogen-derived peptide displayed in context MHC on infected cell. A critical step activation is formation immunological synapse, a specialized cell–cell conjugate interface between and cell, where massive TCR-induced actin remodeli...