the effect of a neuropeptide, the tachykinin on α-amylase, protease and lipase activities in the midgut of american cockroach, periplaneta americana (linnaeus) is evaluated . immunohistochemical reactivities against tachykinin (tachykinin- ir) were detected in the midgut. tachykinin-ir cells in three regions (anterior, median and posterior) of the midgut were counted in normally fed, starved fo...

The effect of a neuropeptide, the tachykinin on α-amylase, protease and lipase activities in the midgut of American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) is evaluated . Immunohistochemical reactivities against tachykinin (tachykininir) were detected in the midgut. Tachykinin-ir cells in three regions (anterior, median and posterior) of the midgut were counted in normally fed, starved for ...

The aim of this study was to analyze the function and expression of tachykinins, tachykinin receptors, and neprilysin (NEP) in the mouse uterus. A previous study showed that the uterotonic effects of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB) in estrogen-treated mice were mainly mediated by the tachykinin NK1 receptor. In the present work, further contractility studies were un...

Tachykinin-like peptides, such as substance P, neurokinin A, and B, are among the earliest discovered best-studied neuropeptide families, research on them has contributed greatly to our understanding of endocrine control many physiological processes. However, there still orphan tachykinin receptor homologs for which cognate ligands have not yet been identified, especially in small invertebrates...

Olfactory sensitivity exhibits daily fluctuations. Several studies have suggested that the olfactory system in insects is modulated by both biogenic amines and neuropeptides. However, molecular and neural mechanisms underlying olfactory modulation in the periphery remain unclear since neuronal circuits regulating olfactory sensitivity have not been identified. Here, we investigated the structur...

The mammalian tachykinin system consists of three distinct peptides, substance P, substance K, and neuromedin K, and possesses three corresponding receptors. In this investigation we examined intracellular signal transduction of the individual tachykinin receptors by transfection and stable expression of these receptor cDNAs in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The three receptors commonly showed a ...

Several recent observations suggest that tachykinins, such as substance P and neurokinin A, might be involved in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary alterations. Progress in investigations on the physiological and pathological roles of tachykinins has been greatly facilitated by the availability of a number of highly selective nonpeptide antagonists for tachykinin neurokinin 1, 2 and 3 (NK1, N...

BACKGROUND Tachykinins can have pro-inflammatory as well as healing effects during tissue reorganization and inflammation. Recent studies report an up-regulation in the expression of the substance P (SP)-preferred receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor, in marked muscle inflammation (myositis). There is, however, only very little information on the expression patterns and levels of tachykinins in ...

Tachykinins are present in enteric nerves of the gastrointestinal tract and cause contraction of esophageal smooth muscle; however, the mechanisms involved are not understood. Our aim was to characterize tachykinin signaling in human esophageal smooth muscle. We investigated functional effects of tachykinins on human esophageal smooth muscle using tension recordings and isolated cells, receptor...

We report four human tachykinins, endokinins A, B, C, and D (EKA-D), encoded from a single tachykinin precursor 4 gene that generates four mRNAs (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta). Tachykinin 4 gene expression was detected primarily in adrenal gland and in the placenta, where, like neurokinin B, significant amounts of EKB-like immunoreactivity were detected. EKA/B 10-mers displayed equivalent affi...