Objective(s):Fuzheng Huayu recipe (FZHY) exerts significant protective effects against liver fibrosis by strengthening the body’s resistance and removing blood stasis. However, the molecular mechanisms through which FZHY affects liver fibrosis are still unclear. In this study, we examined the expression levels of factors involved in the inhibitor κB kinase-β (IKK-β)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) an...

The NXF (nuclear export factor) family members are implicated in the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Recently, some members of the NXF family have been reported to play divergent functional roles, such as post-transcriptional regulation, translational control, regulation of mRNA stability and trafficking. However, little is known about the roles of NXF3 in spermatogenesis. ...

The immunosuppressant drugs cyclosporine A (CsA) and sirolimus (SRL) used in combination demonstrated beneficial effects in organ transplantation, but this combination can also result in increased adverse effects. We previously showed that not only CsA treatment but also its combination with SRL decreased paracellular permeability in renal proximal tubular cells by modification of the tight jun...

  Objective(s):Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) is involved in colorectal cancer (CRC). The SD-208 acts as an anti-cancer agent in different malignancies via TGF-β signaling. This work aims to show the effect of manipulation of TGF-β signaling on some miRNAs implicated in CRC. Materials and Methods: We investigated the effects of SD-208 on SW-48, a colon adenocarcinoma cell line. The cell li...

ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; RONS: Reactive Oxygen Nitrogen Species; TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor; TNFR: Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor; NF: Nuclear Factor; COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; RHD: Rel Homology Domain; IL: Interleukin; NIK: NF-κB Inducing Kinase; IKK: IκB kinase; BCL: B-Cell Lymphoma; MOD: Minimal Oligomerization Domain; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; RIP: Receptor Interactin...

Aberrant activation of Cyclin D-Cdk4/6 signaling pathway is commonly found in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we show that PD-0332991, a highly specific inhibitor for Cdk4 and Cdk6, exerted growth inhibitory effects on three human PDAC cell lines. Microarray analysis revealed that PD-0332991 downregulated cell-cycle-related genes, but upregulated genes implicated in extracellular...

Background: Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) arrests many cell types in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and upregulates plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). The type I (TGF-βRI) and II (TGF-βRII) TGF-β receptors mediate these and other effects of TGF-β on target cells. TGF-β initially binds to TGF-βRII and subsequently TGF-βRI is recruited to form a heteromeric complex. TGF-βRI phospho...

Studies have suggested a link between the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling cascade and the stress-inducible activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). We have demonstrated that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) lipolysis products activate MAP kinase stress associated JNK/c-Jun pathways resulting in up-regulation of ATF3, pro-inflammatory genes and induction of apoptosis i...

RATIONALE Tachycardia-induced atrial fibrosis is a hallmark of structural remodeling of atrial fibrillation (AF). The molecular mechanisms underlying the AF-induced atrial fibrosis remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of angiotensin II (Ang II)/Ang II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor-coupled transforming growth factor (TGF)-β(1)/Smad signaling pathway in the AF-induced atrial fibrosis. ME...