introduction: addiction is a habit or behavior that is often hard to quit. it is estimated that 190 million persons are substance users around the world. substance abuse creates tolerance after a while. shortly after taking the drug, a person will not enjoy as the beginning of its use that is why the amount of substance used is gradually increased. the purpose of this study was to find the reas...

background and aims: sea buckthorn (hippophae rhamnoides l.) is a deciduous plant and has highly variable type and size, from small shrubs to medium-sized trees, traditionally growing in tibet and currently all over the world especially in europe and asia. this study aimed to overview some of therapeutic and non-therapeutic properties of sbt and its potential benefits and side effects in order ...

conclusions it was concluded that the efficacy of tramadol and fluoxetine in males with premature ejaculation are the same and both are effective. both of these drugs are safe to treat premature ejaculation. results thirty-six subjects with the mean age of 44 ± 19.3 years underwent analysis. eighteen subjects were treated by fluoxetine and 18 by tramadol. the efficacy of treatment in the two gr...

glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration have been shown as pathophysiological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (ms) and other autoimmune inflammatory cns disorders. n‑methyl‑d‑aspartate (nmda) receptors play a pivotal role in the mediation of neuronal glutamate excitotoxicity leading to cellular damage and apoptotic cell death. current treatment approaches targeting glutamate exc...

goldfish carassius auratus were subjected to either formalin (250 ppm) or nacl (10 ppt), over a 0.5-h period followed by 24-h freshwater exposure. serum biochemistry was monitored before exposure (0), immediately after (0.5) plus 3 and 24 h after exposure. results showed that both formalin and nacl treatments caused rapid increase in cortisol with a peak at 3 h, which did not recover until 24 h...

acceptance and commitment therapy (act) is a new development within behavioral therapy. its goal is to promote psychological flexibility. numerous studies show that suffering results when people attempt to avoid their inner experiences (experiential avoidance). this experiential avoidance often leads to rigid and inflexible behavior that also leads them to compromise their goals and what is imp...

ayurveda, the indian art of holistic medicine describes fasting in terms of upavasa and considers it as one among the depletion therapies.   besides the extensive explanations on the preventive purports of fasting, the classics have explicitly explained and exemplified the therapeutic importance of fasting while treating different diseases and dealing with different stages of the diseases. feve...

conclusions it is better to remove the unused devices safely to prevent and decrease their possible complications. case presentation a 50-years-old woman, with a history of breast cancer, had a permcath emplacement in right subclavian vein for a course of chemotherapy. the treatment for cancer seemed to be successful and the permcath had remained in its position without complication, for a coup...

ayurveda, manoeuvres mankind to head a healthy life in order to pursue four-fold bliss. with a view to combat physical and mental annoyances, classics have explicated two-fold therapeutic modalities; langhana/depletion and brihmana/nourishing. upavasa /fasting is one among ten depletion therapies explained. it is envisioned at all three levels of ayurvedic therapies- rational/objectively planne...