introduction: addiction is a habit or behavior that is often hard to quit. it is estimated that 190 million persons are substance users around the world. substance abuse creates tolerance after a while. shortly after taking the drug, a person will not enjoy as the beginning of its use that is why the amount of substance used is gradually increased. the purpose of this study was to find the reas...

colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. it's survival expectancy depends on the time of diagnosis, stage and grade of the tumor, and general condition of the patient. survival expectancy of this type of cancer reveals the quality of diagnostic and therapeutic services in the community. to improve and standardize the treatment modalities in this field, much rese...

conclusions clinically, these results are logical because the required dose of alkaloids for treatment of diarrhea is lesser than the needed doses to treat addiction, arthralgia, and paralysis. results the first itm method reduced the strychnine level from 1.083 to 0.577 and brucine from 0.739 to 0.361. for the second and third itm methods, the levels of strychnine reached 0.838 and 0.812, and ...