construction and operation of dams have two main effects on streams. at first it increases detention time and then leads to thermal stratification. changing of water quality is the result of these effects and the outflow has different physical, chemical and biological characteristics from inflow.in this study thermal regime in proposed bakhtyari reservoir was simulated with ce-qual-w2 model. th...

The ultimate regime of thermal convection, the so-called Kraichnan regime [R. H. Kraichnan, Phys. Fluids 5, 1374 (1962)]], hitherto has been elusive. Here numerical evidence for that regime is presented by performing simulations of the bulk of turbulence only, eliminating the thermal and kinetic boundary layers and replacing them with periodic boundary conditions.

The impact of the quenched force on protein folding pathways and free energy landscape was studied in detail. Using the coarse-grain Go model, we have obtained the low, middle, and high force regimes for protein refolding under the quenched force. The folding pathways in the low force regime coincide with the thermal ones. A clear switch from thermal folding pathways to force-driven pathways in...

In this paper, we investigate thermal equilibrium in string gas cosmology which is dominated by closed string. We consider two interesting regimes, Hagedorn and radiation regimes. We find that for short strings in small radius of Hagedorn regime very large amount of energy requested to have thermal equilibrium but for long strings in such system a few energy is sufficient to have thermal equili...

Temporal variability in water temperature plays an important role in aquatic ecosystems, yet the thermal regime of streams has mainly been described in terms of mean or extreme conditions. In this study, annual and diel variability in stream water temperature was described at 135 unregulated, gauged streams across the USA. Based on magnitude, amplitude and timing characteristics of daily water ...

We study thermal emission of a cavity quantum electrodynamic system in the ultrastrong-coupling regime where the atom-cavity coupling rate becomes comparable the cavity resonance frequency. In this regime, the standard descriptions of photodetection and dissipation fail. Following an approach that was recently put forward by Ridolfo et al.[arXiv:1206.0944], we are able to calculate the emission...

Subcooled flow boiling in multi-microchannels can be used as an efficient thermal management approach in compact electrical devices. Highly subcooled flow boiling of HFE 7100 is studied in two microchannel heat sinks to choose a proper numerical model for simulating boiling flows in microchannels. Results of five different numerical models, including Volume of Fluid (VOF), Eulerian boiling, Eul...

Vegetation removal with fire can alter the thermal regime of the land surface, leading to significant changes in biogeochemistry (e.g. carbon cycling) and soil hydrology. In the UK, large expanses of carbon-rich upland environments are managed to encourage increased abundance of red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica) by rotational burning of shrub vegetation. To date, though, there has not been a...