aggregation of pharmaceutical proteins reduces the efficiency and increases the cost of production. it can also lead to the reduced efficacy of drug or cause side effects on the patient’s body. investigating how to create them plays an important role to find agents that prevents the aggregation. this study was allocated for understanding the mechanism of formation of the reteplase protein using...

In traditional Chinese medicine, moxibustion is a local thermal therapy that is used for several conditions. Quantifying the effects of moxibustion therapy has been difficult because the treatment temperature depends on the physician's experience, and the temperature distribution in the target area is not uniform. This prospective observational study aims to quantify the effect of local thermal...

Thermal referral (TR) and thermal grill illusion (TGI), known as illusions of thermal sensation, have been well studied. In a previous study, an experiment using two thermal-tactile stimulations to the forearm revealed that these illusions simultaneously occurred. In this experiment result, a few subjects perceived a hot stimulation as a cold sensation and/or a cold stimulation as a hot sensati...

“Thermal Referral (TR)” and “Thermal Grill Illusion (TGI)” are known as illusions of thermal sensation, have been well studied. In a previous study, the experiment using two thermal-tactile stimulations to the forearm revealed that those illusions simultaneously occurred. On the other hand, in the experiment result, a few subjects perceived a hot stimulation as a cold sensation or a cold stimul...

Moxibustion strengthens immunity and it is an effective treatment modality, but, depending on the material quantity, shape, and composition, the thermal strength and intensity can be difficult to control, which may cause pain or epidermal burns. To overcome these limitations, a heat stimulating system which is able to control the thermal intensity was developed. The temperature distributions on...

Thermal interfaces are a new area of research in HCI, with one of their main benefits being the potential to influence emotion. To date, studies investigating thermal feedback for affective interaction have either provided concepts and prototypes, or looked at the affective element of thermal stimuli in isolation. This research is the first to look in-depth at how thermal stimuli can be used to...

The effects of peripheral thermal receptor stimulation (tail in hot water, n = 8, anesthetized) and cardiac baroreceptor stimulation (volume loading, n = 8, conscious) on components of synchronized renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were examined in rats. The peak height and peak frequency of synchronized RSNA were determined. The renal sympathoexcitatory response to peripheral thermal rec...