We performed an ion-microprobe study of eleven high-MgO (6.7±14.8 wt%) tholeiite glasses from the Hawaiian volcanoes Kilauea, Mauna Loa and Ha-leakala. We determined the rare earth (RE), high ®eld strength, and other selected trace element abundances of these glasses, and used the data to establish their relationship to typical Hawaiian shield tholeiite and to infer characteristics of their sou...

We use the results of elevated pressure melting experiments to constrain the role of melt/mantle reaction in the formation of tholeiitic magma from Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Trace element abundance data is commonly interpreted as evidence that Kilauea tholeiite is produced by partial melting of garnet lherzolite. We experimentally determine the liquidus relations of a tightly constrained estimat...

Experimental and geochemical studies were performed to understand the formation of certain terrestrial and lunar igneous rocks. Chapter one is a study of convergent margin magmatism at Medicine Lake Volcano, California. The petrogenesis of a suite of variably porphyritic, high-alumina lavas was inferred from field relations, hydrous melting experiments and geochemical modeling. I conclude that ...

Studies of the origin of magmas in subduction zones, particularly in the Japanese island arc, have been significantly advanced by petrological, geochemical, geophysical and experimental studies during last 50 years. Kuno's original model(1)) for magma generation in the Japanese island arc, that tholeiite magmas are formed at relatively shallow levels in the mantle on the Pacific Ocean side wher...

Experiments were conducted to determine whether the presence of graphite is required to produce the Fe-Ti-P-enrichment, silica-depletion trend seen in ferrobasalts and ferrodiorites/jotunites. A nominally anhydrous Snake River Plain olivine tholeiite was crystallized at 9.3 kbar in Fe-Pt capsules; the composition of the Fe-Pt alloy was empirically chosen such that the charge neither lost nor ga...

We present results of experiments on mixtures of olivine tholeiite and mantle harzburgite, at 5 kb and 1050-1150°C, under conditions of controlled hydrogen fugacity. The basalt end-member was Kilauea 1921 olivine tholeiite + 3 wt.% H2O, and the harzburgite end-member was a mixture of olivine and orthopyroxene mineral separates made from a mantle-derived lherzolite xenolith. The experiments on m...

Experiments were conducted to determine whether the rhyolites and basalts of the intraplate silicasaturated potassic suites could be genetically related through crystallization. Extreme crystallization (96–97%) of a high-MgO (10.62 wt%) olivine tholeiite from the Snake River Plain with an initial bulk water content of 0.4 wt% at a mid-crustal pressure of 4.3 kbar generated potassic rhyolitic li...