introduction: cervical rib is relatively uncommon congenital abnormality that originates from the seventh cervical vertebrae and rarely from the sixth vertebrae. the purpose of this paper is to consider that this abnormal condition is an important cause of neurovascular compression at the thoracic outlet. methods: in this study all patients who were referred to radiology department of isfahan h...

purpose: thoracic outlet syndrome is one of the most controversial topics in clinical medicine due to its difficult assessment and management. the appropriate treatment depends on accurate and comprehensive assessment. this study aimed to review the current assessments of these patients. methods: this study was conducted by review of the articles published between 1990 and 2014. search was cond...

objectives: the aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of conservative treatment in patients with and without cervical ribs and thoracic outlet syndrome (tos). from so many kinds of conservative treatment in literature, we used a multidisciplinary approach (correction of posture, maximizing muscle endurance and power, stretch shorten muscles, massage for trigger points and maximize th...

Effective treatment of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome includes early recognition and timely correction, with sufficient decompression of the thoracic outlet. A 56-year-old female suffered recrudescent right upper extremity ischemia due to thromboembolic event, raising suspicion for arterial thoracic outlet syndrome and prompting further imaging studies for confirmation. Decompression of the ...

The diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is intrinsically difficult, and the literature about it is full of confusing terminology. Symptoms may arise due to compression of neural and/or vascular elements in one or more of three different locations. A number of tests were developed during the early part of this century, and a variety of syndromes have been described that relate to these t...

Introduction: Cervical rib is a supernumerary rib springing from one of the cervical vertebrae, usually the seventh. About 1 in 200 people are born with cervical rib. About 1 in 10 people who have a cervical rib develop symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Aims: The aim of this study was to identify normal and abnormal anatomy of thoracic outlet using MRI in symptomatic costoclavicular c...

THORACIC SURGERY CLINICS www.thoracic.theclinics.com Consulting Editor VIRGINIA R. LITLE February 2021 • Volume 31 Number 1

The thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when the neurovascular structures are compressed as they traverse the thoracic outlet. Degenerative changes can occur in the subclavian artery and the vessel may become a source of embolism with the risk of acute or chronic upper limb ischaemia. Rarely, distal thromboembolism in the thoracic outlet syndrome may be associated with retrograde flow when there is...

Axillosubclavian vein thrombosis, also referred to as effort thrombosis or Paget–Schroetter syndrome, is the most common presentation of the venous form of thoracic outlet syndrome. With timely diagnostic and therapeutic measures, thrombosis of the axillary or subclavian veins can be treated with minimal long-term morbidity. Case reports and single-center reviews have greatly contributed to our...