In this paper the numerical analysis of flow and time dependent heat transfer of micro-tube conveying nanofluid in laminar flow is investigated. In this study, convection heat transfer of nanofluid and base fluid and transient analysis for time-varying heat flux for time step of 0.0001 second are elucidated. It is observed that the pumping power of nanofluid flowing and the maximum temperatur...

The availability of a thermodynamic system out of equilibrium with its environment describes its ability to performwork in a reversible processwhich brings it to equilibriumwith this environment. Processes in nite time can usually not be performed reversibly thus leading to unavoidable losses. In order to account for these losses the concept of nite time availability was introduced. We here add...

Availability is an economically important metric used to assess the design of marine energy farms. Nowadays, three typical concepts delivery network topologies have been proposed for conversion systems. Few research works assessing availability systems published. Their methodology only based upon time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations and covers one maintenance strategy. The objective this stud...

Wax deposition phenomenon changes the rheological behavior of waxy crude oil completely. In the current work, the rheological time-dependent and time-independent behaviors of waxy crude oil samples are studied and flow curve and compliance function are measured for the oil samples with various wax contents at different temperatures. A decrease in temperature and an increase in wax content lead ...

We discuss the availability questions that arise when digital time stamps are used for preserving the evidentiary value of electronic documents. We analyze the time-stamping protocols known to date and point out some weaknesses that have not been addressed so far in scienti c literature. Without addressing and solving them, any advantage of the linkage-based protocols over the hash-and-sign tim...

Classically, availability refers to the work available in any reversible process that brings about equilibrium between the system and its environment. Here we introduce an additional meaning of availability as the maximum work associated with the change of an external parameter in the Hamiltonian of a quantum system. This availability can be gained in a FEAT process and for times larger than or...

service availability is important for any organization. this has become more important with the increase of dos attacks. it is therefore essential to assess the threat on service availability. we have proposed a new model for threat assessment on service availability with a data fusion approach. we have selected three more important criteria for evaluating the threat on service availability and...