to use remote sensing data effectively, one must understand the spectral characteristics of the particular features under investigations. to study the relationship between soil salinity and soil reflectance, four multispectral scanners (mss) and seven thematic mappers (tm bands) over the ardakan playa located on the central iranian desert margins were selected. in this study soil map, soil ...

a knowledge of soil surface conditions, especially desert crust, salt crust and desert varnish is useful for improving classification of remotely sensed data. desert crust can generate high levels of reflectance, similar to those areas with high salt concentration and non-saline soil. therefore, soil surface crusts might bias thematic remote sensing of soils. in this study, we evaluated the eff...

The visible and near infrared bands of Landsat have limitations for detecting ships in turbid water. The potential of TM middle infrared bands for ship detection has so far not been investigated. This study analyzed the performance of the six Landsat TM visible and infrared bands for detecting dredging ships in the turbid waters of the Poyang Lake, China. A colour composite of principal compone...

The launch of the Landsat-4 satellite in July 1982 provided the first full coverage from space of the .4-12 ~m spectrum of the earth scene. In addition to the green, red, and near IR bands of the MSS, the TM provides a band in the blue, two in the middle IR, and one thermal IR. The paper describes spectral class analysis of coincident MSS and TM data to evaluate the contribution of the addition...

In this paper, we assess the capability of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) for oakwood crown closure estimation in Tulare County, California. Measurements made from orthorectified aerial photographs for the same area were used as a reference. The linear relationship between crown closure and digital values of each band of the TM image was examined. TM Band 3 had the highest correlation (r=−0.828; ...

Early in its mission, the Landsat-7 spacecraft was temporarily placed in a ‘‘tandem’’ orbit very close to that of the Landsat-5 spacecraft in order to facilitate the establishment of sensor calibration continuity between the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) sensors. The key period for the tandem configuration was June 1–4, 1999, during which hund...

A general model has been proposed for the fusion mechanisms of class I viral fusion proteins. According to this model a metastable trimer, anchored in the viral membrane through its transmembrane domain, transits to a trimeric prehairpin intermediate, anchored at its opposite end in the target membrane through its fusion peptide. A subsequent refolding event creates a trimer of hairpins (often ...

Recent work has shown that more research is needed in applying fractal analysis to multi-resolution remote sensing data for landscape characterization. The purpose of this study was to closely examine the impacts that spatial and spectral resolutions have on fractal dimensions using real-world multi-resolution remotely sensed data as opposed to the more conventional single resolution and aggreg...

Minnaert constants (K) were derived from non atmospherically corrected, high-sun elevation angle Landsat TM data (8 June 1996 and 13 July 1997) and DEMs at 30x30 m spatial resolution using the IDL procedure developed at Dartmouth College. K constants were calculated for two contiguous areas in northern Apennines, the former (366 ha) covered by beech (Fagus Sylvatica) forest and the latter (343 ...

The mixed pixels in remotely sensed data are one of the main error sources resulting in poor classification accuracy using traditional classification methods. In order to improve classification accuracy, linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) has been used to handle the mixed pixel problems. This paper aims to achieve an appropriate processing routine of LSMA through the comparison of classifi...