oral cancer has emerged as a significant cause of global public health concern in both developing and developed nations. multiple socio-demographic and habit-related risk factors have been attributed to causing oral cancer. a diverse array of challenges exists in the global campaign to address the burden of oral cancer. such challenges have served as barriers to the early diagnosis and treatmen...

a recent study indicates that the incidence of smoking cessation varies with age. although nicotine dependence (nd) has been regarded as one of the most significant barriers of successful smoking cessation, few researches have focused on the relationship between nicotine dependence and age.a cross-sectional study (conducted in 2013) with 596 chinese rural male current smokers was performed to s...

BACKGROUND: Nicotiana tobacco contains large amounts of alkaloid nicotine. Tobacco plant is used for smoking and causes many health problems since it is high in nicotine which is one of the widely-recognized toxic compounds with serious side effects for different body organs. Reducing nicotine content of this plant is a way to reduce its health hazards in cigarette smokers. Utilizing the new ...

Regarding high potential of green plants for development of recombinant vaccines, this research was conducted to evaluate expression of a novel recombinant vaccines against Foot and Mouth Disease (FMDV) in tobacco plant. For this purpose, a synthetic gene encoding 129-169 amino acids of foot and mouth disease virus capsid protein VP1 was transferred to tobacco plant via Agrobacterium-mediated g...

The present study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of three anaesthetics, name MS222, ketamine, and tobacco extract, in grass carp juveniles (107.78±22.11 g body weight and 226.74±13.06 mm total body length). Treatments were as follows: 100 mg L-1 of MS222 (control group), 5.5, 8, 11, 18.5, and 22 mg L-1 of ketamine, and 10, 13.33, 20, 26.27, and 40 mg L-1 of tobacco extract. In add...

Assisting tobacco farmers to transition to non-tobacco alternatives is a key element of comprehensive tobacco control's end-game strategy and specifically required by the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC). We examine the historical relationship between tobacco manufacturers and tobacco farmers in the United States, where the duration of the relation...

In order to understand the response of tobacco to salt stress, antioxidant enzyme activities, plant biomass and ion content were analyzed in two oriental tobacco genotypes (Basma 31 and SPT 406). Tobacco plants were exposed to 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl for 12 days. The fresh and dry weight as well as shoot and root length of Basma 31 were greater than those of SPT 406 under increasing sal...