Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder in which frequent pulmonary infections develop secondarily. One of the major pulmonary pathogens colonizing the respiratory tract of CF patients and causing chronic airway infections is Pseudomonasaeruginosa. Although tobramycin was initially effective against P. aeruginosa, tobramycin-resistant strains have emerged. Among the strategies for overcoming...

The in vitro antimicrobial activity of tobramycin and gentamicin was compared against 362 bacterial isolates. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tobramycin was fourfold less than the MIC of gentamicin against most of 119 Pseudomonas organisms. Gentamicin and tobramycin had similar in vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus. Proteus rettgeri were commonly r...

A multicentre, comparative, randomized study was performed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of two antibiotic regimens in the treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients: teicoplanin plus tobramycin versus cephalothin plus tobramycin. After informed consent had been obtained, 68 patients were randomized prospectively to receive either teicoplani...

PURPOSE Combination antibiotic treatment is preferred in nosocomial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). In vitro synergism tests were used to choose the combinations which might be used in clinic. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic efficacy of synergistic antibiotic combinations in multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS ...

Daptomycin is a new biosynthetic antibiotic which belongs to a new class of drugs known as lipopeptides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of daptomycin and vancomycin on tobramycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated during 4 and 10 days with either saline (NaCl, 0.9%) or tobramycin at doses of 4 and 40 mg/kg per day (given every 12 h [q12h] in...

It is well known that in vitro the combination of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, or other antipseudomonal penicillins with gentamicin, tobramycin, or other aminoglycoside antibiotics results in the inactivation of the antibacterial activity of the aminoglycoside. To assess the influence of the in vivo interaction of tobramycin and ticarcillin on experimental nephrotoxicity, male Fischer 344 rats w...

The effect of ceftriaxone on tobramycin-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated during 4 and 10 days with saline (NaCl, 0.9%), ceftriaxone at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight/12 h subcutaneously, tobramycin at doses of 40 and 60 mg/kg/12 h intraperitoneally, or the combination ceftriaxone-tobramycin. Creatinine levels in serum were significantly higher...

The in vitro and in vivo inactivation of tobramycin by carbenicillin, ticarcillin, or piperacillin was investigated by the enzyme immunoassay method in clinically employed dosages. After the addition of an 80-mg dose of tobramycin to 4- to 5-g doses of a penicillin in 100 ml of 0.9% saline or distilled water, the degradation profile of tobramycin appeared to follow a biexponential pattern of de...

The lipopeptidic antibiotic daptomycin is reported to reduce experimental tobramycin nephrotoxicity (D. Beauchamp, M. Pellerin, P. Gourde, M. Pettigrew and M. G. Bergeron, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34:139-147, 1990; C. A. Wood, H. C. Finkbeiner, S. J. Kohlhepp, P. W. Kohnen, and D. C. Gilbert, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33:1280-1285, 1989). In an attempt to explain these results, the in ...

This heterogeneous assay for tobramycin involves fluorescein-labeled tobramycin, which competes with native unlabeled tobramycin for anti-tobramycin binding sites. Bound and free labeled antigen are separated by precipitation with a second antibody. Fluorescence intensity of the resuspended precipitate is inversely proportional to native tobramycin concentration. Background interference was con...