The goal of this study was to investigate morphological adaptations associated with hydrostatic elongation of the tongue during feeding in the African pig-nosed frog Hemisus marmoratum. Whereas previous studies had suggested that the tongue of H. marmoratum elongates hydraulically, the anatomical observations reported here favour a muscular hydrostatic mechanism of tongue elongation. H. marmora...

To cite: Sebire D, Rigney L, Cordato DJ. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2014207989 DESCRIPTION We describe a 76-year-old right-handed man who presented with acute onset of tongue protrusion palsy without additional neurological deficits or pseudobulbar stigmata. He had previously suffered five strokes. Six months prior to this presentation he had ...

The purpose of this paper is to correlate the four formant frequencies F1–F4 and quality factors Q1–Q4 with the positions, areas, or area ratios formed by the four active articulators: tongue root, tongue body, blade, and lips. The quality or amplification factor Q is the formant frequency F divided by the bandwidth B. Toward this end, a 27-tube frequency-domain vocal tract model (FDVT) is deve...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is transmitted through saliva, but the cellular source is controversial. Putative reservoirs include oral epithelium and salivary glands. Tongue mucosal samples, salivary glands, and tongue carcinomas were studied, by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, for evidence of EBV infection. EBV replication was seen in 1.3% of tongue mucosal samples. No latent infec...

BACKGROUND Centromere protein H (CENP-H) is one of the fundamental components of the human active kinetochore. Recently, CENP-H was identified to be associated with tumorigenesis. This study was aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic significance of CENP-H in tongue cancer. METHODS RT-PCR, real time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to examine the expression of CENP-H in tongue cancer cel...

In tongue diagnosis, colour information of tongue body has kept valuable information regarding the state of disease and its correlation with the internal organs. Qualitatively, practitioners may have difficulty in their judgement due to the instable lighting condition and naked eye's ability to capture the exact colour distribution on the tongue especially the tongue with multicolour substance....

BACKGROUND Visual inspection for tongue analysis is a diagnostic method in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Owing to the variations in tongue features, such as color, texture, coating, and shape, it is difficult to precisely extract the tongue region in images. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate tongue diagnosis via automatic tongue segmentation. METHODS Experiments were conducted ...

INTRODUCTION Tongue scraping and brushing have been appreciated for hundreds of years but are still appreciated or used by the public. Scientific evidence has validated the need to practice habitual and tongue cleaning as part of daily home oral hygiene procedures. OBJECTIVE To assess and compare the effect of tongue scraping and tongue brushing on oral Mutans streptococci level. MATERIALS ...

identified several morphologically distinct tongue types (Magimel-Pelonnier, 1924; Regal and Gans, 1976; Gans and Gorniak, 1982a,b; Trueb and Gans, 1983), indicating that several mechanisms of tongue protraction might be found within anurans. Subsequent functional studies identified three basic mechanisms of tongue protraction: mechanical pulling, inertial elongation and hydrostatic elongation....