Reported herein is the development of non-covalent, proximity-induced energy transfer from small-molecule toxicants to organic fluorophores bound in the cavity of γ-cyclodextrin. This energy transfer occurs with exceptional efficiency for a broad range of toxicants in complex biological media, and is largely independent of the spectral overlap between the donor and acceptor. This generally appl...

In the broadest sense, the application of pesticides involves the transfer of a toxicant from the manufacturer to the target organism. This is the dose transfer process, which can be broken down into several major events. However, difficulties at any step can result in a loss of biological activity, excessive environmental contamination or both. The dose transfer process is a roadmap for the ev...

Three organic compounds of different hydrophobicity, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB), 3,4,5,6-tetrachloroguaiacol (TeCG) and 4,6-dichlorobenzenediol (DBD), were chosen as the test chemicals to carry out a series of investigations to look at the relationship between toxicant transfer and fish metabolic rate. A significant correlation was found between the toxicant uptake rate constant (k(1)) a...

As illustrated in the previous chapter, the human body can be exposed to a variety of toxicants that may be present in various environmental media such as air, soil, water, or food. However, just simply being exposed to these hazardous chemicals does not necessarily translate into a toxicological response. The mammalian body has several inherent defense mechanisms and membrane barriers that ten...

-Frequent toxicant analyses are essential for good quality data in long-term continuous-flow tests. Due to the time consuming and costly chemical analyses, exposure levels are measured at best on a daily basis. These infrequent determinations may not detect variability in toxicant concentrations that could result in test failures. To minimize repetitive testing and improve data quality, a dye t...

Background and Aim: Poisonings commonly bring cats dogs to veterinary emergency facilities. This retrospective study aimed analyze clinical signs, confirmed or suspected toxicants, treatments, outcomes of feline poisoning cases presented over 5 years the service a small animal referral center. Materials Methods: Medical records 166 were evaluated for history presumed poisoning, toxicant, treatm...

The rapid progress in medicine, agriculture, and allied sciences has enabled the development of a large amount of potentially useful bioactive compounds, such as drugs and pesticides. However, there is another side of this phenomenon, which includes side effects and environmental pollution. To avoid or minimize the uncontrollable consequences of using the newly developed compounds, researchers ...