Welfare effect of tariff for a small country in the case of traditional tariff (exogenous) compared to free trade would decrease the welfare of the country. This paper has shown that the welfare effect of tariff in case of untraditional tariff (endogenous) can be explained by using the specific factors models (Jones) that fundamentally determined by Cournut- Nash Equilibrium system in contrary ...

Traditional measurements performed on the acoustic signals of normal speech are frequently used to quantify the acoustic characteristics of disordered speech as well. This letter demonstrates how important aspects of speech production deficits in motor speech disorders may be overlooked if stringent quantification procedures are employed, especially in the stage of exploratory data analysis. It...

In recent years, the concept of ‘free speech’ appears to have reached a position significant prominence in public debate. this context, we ask how free speech was used discursively by Morrison-led government. Utilising political discourse analytic approach, and examining texts from 2019 2021, argue that, show how, government engaged multiple discourses around that were incompatible, inconsisten...

Objectives: The Gradual Increase Length and Complexity of Utterance (GILCU) therapy method is a form of operant conditioning. This is a precise and controlled treatment that is done in 54 steps in 3 speech situations consisting of monologue, reading, and conversation. This study aimed at examining the effects of GILCU treatment method on the reduction of speech dysfluency of scho...

In this paper, an introduction to hybrid modeling techniques for speech recognition is presented. A hybrid speech recognition system consists of the combination of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with Neural Networks (NNs) in order to combine the advantages of these two powerful pattern recognition techniques for improved speech recognition. An overview of several different hybrid speech recognitio...

High frequency millimeter-wave (MMW) radar-like sensors enable the detection of speech signals. This novel non-acoustic speech detection method has some special advantages not offered by traditional microphones, such as preventing strong-acoustic interference, high directional sensitivity with penetration, and long detection distance. A 94-GHz MMW radar sensor was employed in this study to test...

This paper describes an 8 kbit/s ACELP speech coder with high performance for both speech and non-speech signals such as background noise. While the traditional waveform matching LPAS structure employed in many existing speech coders provides high quality for speech signals, it has significant performance limitations for e.g. background noise. The coder presented here employs a novel adaptive g...

This paper presents a speech enhancement approach derived by using a piecewise linear approximation (PLA) of an explicit model of environmental distortions. PLA is a generalization of two traditional approaches, namely vector Taylor series (VTS) and MAX approximations. Formulations are described for both maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of noise model parameters and minimum mean-squared error...