OBJECTIVES To describe patterns of nonprescribed use of tranquilizers by students aged 10 to 18 years and assess the sociodemographic characteristics of these adolescents and their use of other substances. METHODS A randomized and stratified sample of 47,979 students from state and private schools of the 27 Brazilian state capitals completed a self-report questionnaire. Poisson regression was...

BACKGROUND Although the nonprescribed use of tranquilizers or sedatives by adolescents is a cause for concern in many countries, there is a shortage of data from low and middle income countries (LAMIC). The present study aims to estimate the prevalence of nonprescribed use of tranquilizers/sedatives by adolescents in Brazil, and to assess how socioeconomic and demographic circumstances, as well...

Background: The increasing number of latent and manifest hyperuricemia is important concerning differential diagnosis in neurological and psychiatric diseases. The pathological importance of hyperuricemia in these diseases is particularly unknown. Previous studies have shown that uric acid (UA) estimation in cerebrospinal fluid was made with neurological and psychiatric diseases. Monitoring ser...

We describe here a rapid and comprehensive screening method for 40 commonly used sedatives and tranquilizers with use of gas-liquid chromatography. Barbiturates, nonbarbiturate sedatives, and tranquilizers of the phenothiazine, benzodiazepine, and dibenzazepine type can be both identified and measured in serum. A simple solvent extraction at different pH values, with subsequent solvent partitio...

BACKGROUND At the drug scene some major shifts were observed, more and more reports highlighted the abuse of prescription medication. Despite the importance of controlled medication in treatment child and adolescent disorders, this increase may be a factor which influence misuse and nonmedical use of prescribed drugs among adolescents. SUBJECT AND METHODS Croatian data from ESPAD survey in 20...

Since all of the so-called "major tranquilizers" have the ability to induce catatonic states in experimental animals, this characteristic pharmacological property is commonly being used as a clue to detecting new compounds in screening tests. However, not all compounds that produce the catalepsy in animals are "tranquilizers". One remarkable example is bulbocapnine, an alkaloid isolated from Co...

Phenothiazine derivatives, widely used as effective tranquilizers, have lately attracted attention as effective multidrug resistance modulators. The interactions of a newly synthesised phenothiazine derivative,

BACKGROUND Substance abuse is one of the main health problems in Iran andawareness about its spread and procedure of spread in the society,particularly the susceptible society of students, is very important withregard to the population pyramid of Iran. METHODS This study was performed by cross-sectional method. The sampling sizewas 610 male students in pre-university grade by a probabilistic ...