introduction: mcgill pain questionnaire (mpq) is the most useful standard tools for pain assessment. due to cultural differences, the questionnaire has been translated into several languages. we aimed to translate and adapt mpq into persian language and assess its reliability in iranian cancer patients. methods: the mpq was translated by translation-base method with preserving the original stru...

MT-EQuAl (Machine Translation Errors, Quality, Alignment) is a toolkit for human assessment of Machine Translation (MT) output. MT-EQuAl implements three different tasks in an integrated environment: annotation of translation errors, translation quality rating (e.g. adequacy and fluency, relative ranking of alternative translations), and word alignment. The toolkit is webbased and multi-user, a...

This paper gives an introduction to automatic translation via examples from the history of the field, where statistical and grammar-based methods alternate. Grammatical Frameword (GF) is introduced as an approach that uses type theory to provide high-quality translation between multiple languages. GF translation is fundamentally grammar-based but can be combined with statistical methods such as...

apart from the linguistic ability in translation which has constantly been the focus of scholars in the past decades, many recent arguments and research on translation quality point to the indispensable effect of mental and cognitive aspects of translator on his translation performance. in this paper we sought to implement this psychological approach and to investigate the probable relationship...

background: as a disease of motor nervous system (motor neuron  disease), amyotrophic  lateral  sclerosis (als)  has  a great  impact  on  several  aspects  of  quality  of  life (qol). generic questionnaires of qol do not address all the especial features  of als and  therefore  translation  and  validation of disease specific questionnaires such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis assessment  qu...

Translation is evaluated in terms of its forms and functions inside the historically developed systems of the receiving culture and literature. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Persian translation of the14th edition of the original English book “Principles of Marketing” written by Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong based on House (TQA) model: overt and covert translation distinction. T...