Given the emergence of two-echelon distribution systems in several practical contexts, this paper tackles, at strategic level, a network design problem under uncertainty. This is defined as stochastic multi-period capacitated location-routing (2E-SM-CLRP). It considers partitioned into two echelons: each echelon involves specific location-assignment-transportation schema that must cope with fut...

Intelligent transportation system attracts a great deal of research attention because it helps enhance traffic safety, improve driving experiences, and transportation efficiency. Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) supports wireless connections among vehicles and offers information exchange, thus significantly facilitating intelligent transportation systems. Since the vehicles move fast and often ...

Location-Routing Problem (LRP) emerges as one of the hybrid optimization problems in distribution networks in which, total cost of the system would be reduced significantly by simultaneous optimization of locating a set of facilities among candidate locations and routing vehicles. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming model is presented for a two-echelon location-routing problem wit...

During the last three decades, the integrated optimization approach to logistics systems has become one of the most important aspects of the supply chain optimization. This approach simultaneously considers the interdependence of the location of the facilities, suppliers/customers allocation to the facilities, the structure of transportation routes, and inventory planning and control. Location-...

Guiding vehicles to their destination under dynamic traffic conditions is an important topic in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Nowadays, many complex systems can be controlled by using multi agent systems. Adaptation with the current condition is an important feature of the agents. In this research, formulation of dynamic guidance for vehicles has been investigated based...

In this article, multiple-product PVRP with pickup and delivery that is used widely in goods distribution or other service companies, especially by railways, was introduced. A mathematical formulation was provided for this problem. Each product had a set of vehicles which could carry the product and pickup and delivery could simultaneously occur. To solve the problem, two meta-heuristic methods...

The delivery of freight from its origin to its destination is often managed through one or more intermediate facilities where storing, merging and consolidation activities are performed. This type of distribution systems is commonly called multi-echelon, where each echelon refers to one level of the distribution network. Multi-echelon distribution systems are often considered by public administ...