an efficient method for producing doubled haploid plants of date palm ( phoenix dactylifera l.) was established using in vitro colchicine treatment of anthers. to this study male inflorescences were harvested in the appropriate developmental stage. separated anthers after one day cold (4°c) pretreatment, in uninucleate stage of microspore were transferred to the modified y 3 medium containing d...

The increasing ability to interconnect computers through internetworking, wireless networks, high-bandwidth satellite, and cable networks has spawned a new class of information-centered applications based on data dissemination. These applications, which often serve huge client populations, employ broadcast to efficiently deliver data to the clients. In data dissemination, the data transfer is i...

This paper presents an improved method for simulating and modifying the beating effect in piano tones. The beating effect is an audible phenomenon, which is characteristic to the piano, and, hence, it should be accounted for in realistic piano synthesis. The proposed method, which is independent of the synthesis technique, contains a cascade of second-order equalizing filters, where each filter...

L’ “effet Condorcet” refers to the fact that the application of the pair-wise majority rule to individual preference orderings can generate a collective preference containing cycles. Condorcet’s solution to deal with this disturbing fact has been recognized as the search for a median in a certain metric space. We describe the many areas of "applied" or "pure" mathematics where the notion of (me...

Limits on Efficient Computation in the Physical World

Considerable evidence suggests that "the lower the better" is a reasonable approach for reducing cardiovascular risk by lowering LDL cholesterol levels. Despite the reduction in cardiovascular events and mortality achieved by statin therapy, significant residual risk remains, especially in severe hereditary hypercholesterolemia, such as familial hypercholesterolemia. Some new strategies to achi...

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is the standard antidote treatment for preventing hepatotoxicity caused by acetaminophen (AAP) poisoning. This review summarizes recent evidence of AAP Several alternative intravenous regimens NAC have been suggested to improve patient safety reducing adverse drug reactions and medication errors. A two-bag infusion regimen (200 mg/kg over 4 h, followed 100 16 h) reported ...