Background: Due to the small size of the beamlets in IMRT (intensity modulated radiotherapy), physical penumbra is one of the important dosimetric parameters and small changes in the penumbra have a notable impact on the results. The physical penumbra width is defined as the lateral distance between two specified isodose curves at a specified depth of phantom. In this study, after demonstrating...

In radical radiotherapy treatment we aim to accurately deliver a lethal dose of radiation to tumour cells while sparing any surrounding normal tissues. Radiotherapy treatment planning is the process undertaken to determine the most appropriate way to deliver the radiation in order to meet the clinical prescription. Rapid advances in technology and computing, particularly in relation to imaging,...

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no 1: Technical challenges of fast volumetric rescanning O. Actis, D. Meer, A. Mayor, G. Klimpki, S. Psoroulas, D.C. Weber For pencil beam scanning the most studied method to mitigate the dose delivery uncertainties due to the organ motion is rescanning. Achieving an optimal treatment for a moving target by volumetric rescanning, where the whole tumour volume is scanned multiple times, requires...

background and aims. the correct relationship of the total mesiodistal width of the mandibular teeth to that of the maxillary teeth (bolton’s ratios) is among the main factors considered in obtaining an optimal occlusion. the present study was conducted to determining the bolton’s ratios before and after treatment in skeletal class i patients. materials and methods. in this descriptive analytic...