composting of organic agricultural wastes is a sustainable method for recycling of the wastes. for determining the effects of tea waste compost (twc) and tree bark compost (tbc) on growing media and some quantity and quality of greenhouse lettuce cv. grate lake 118 this experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design of four replications. the treatments were different mixture...

H ighbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is adapted to soils with high organic matter and pH of 4.5-5.5. Coniferous sawdust is the blueberry industry standard soil amendment and mulch in the Pacific Northwest, USA. However, sawdust prices are increasing, and its availability is becoming limited. Therefore, many blueberry producers are interested in compost as an alternative to sawdust, whi...

Measurements of bark thickness generally ignore the fact that bark is comprised of both living inner bark (phloem) and essentially dead outer bark (rhytidome). Discerning between them has ramifications for the utility of bark as a byproduct of timber harvesting and its functionality on a living tree. Inner bark and outer bark thicknesses for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) were investigat...

Vermicomposts, which are produced by the fragmentation of organic wastes by earthworms, have a fine particulate structure and contain nutrients in forms that are readily available for plant uptake. In greenhouse trials, the growth of marigold and tomato seedlings, in a commercial horticultural potting medium (Metro-Mix 360), was enhanced significantly upon substitution of Metro-Mix 360 with 10 ...

The Acacia seyal Dell family Mimosaceaeis is known locally as Talha tree. Many medicinal uses such as treatment of dysentery, leprosy, colds, diarrhea, hemorrhage, ophthalmic, intestinal ailments, rheumatic pains, colds and fevers, have been attributed to this tree. Schistosomiasis, a water-borne parasitic disease caused by Schistosome(s) a genus of digenetic trematode worms, infects man and an...

Tree and log diameters are usually measured outside bark, but inside-bark diameters are of greater economic interest and are often derived with local or regional bark thickness equations. To date, the influence of measurement method, sampling design, and sample size on bark thickness equation accuracy and precision has received limited attention. The objectives of this study were to use an exte...

The idea that phytopathogenic fungi associated with tree-killing bark beetles are critical for overwhelming tree defenses and incurring host tree mortality, herein called the classic paradigm (CP), has driven research on bark beetle-fungus symbiosis for decades. It has also strongly influenced our views of bark beetle ecology. We discuss fundamental flaws in the CP, including the lack of consis...

Relationships between the flammability properties of a given plant and its chances of survival after a fire still remain unknown. We hypothesize that the bark flammability of a tree reduces the potential for tree survival following surface fires, and that if tree resistance to fire is provided by a thick insulating bark, the latter must be few flammable. We test, on subalpine tree species, the ...

Despite the high quality reached by today’s CG tree generators, there exists no realistic model for generating the appearance of bark: simple texture maps are generally used, showing obvious flaws if the tree is not entirely painted by an artist. Beyond modeling the appearance of bark, difficulty lies in adapting the bark features to the age of each branch, ensuring continuity between adjacent ...

Particulate matter accumulated on tree bark specimens was examined in order to investigate its potential use as a natural monitor to study the impact on local atmospheric conditions. Tree bark from sargent cherry (Prunus sargentii) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) trees was collected from four locations: Drax (North Yorkshire), Darley Dale (Derbyshire), Galway (Ireland) and Tristan da Cun...