We present here a six-species comparison of tree-ring growth response to extremes (below the 30th and above the 70th percentile) in temperature, precipitation, and corresponding streamflow. The species compared are Pinus edulis (PIED), Pseudotsuga menziesii (PSME), Pinus ponderosa (PIPO), Pinus flexilis (PIFL), Pinus aristata (PIAR), and Picea engelmannii (PCEN). Sensitivity was determined usin...

Time series analysis can identify outliers in tree-ring widths that may not only indicate past disturbances, but may also estimate the subsequent effe cts of these disturbances on tree growth. Findin g a way to isolate these disturbance signals from tree-ring time series could have broad applications in forest ecology and management. Time series outliers may be expressed as pulse, step, or tren...

Estimating long-term trends and short-term amplitudes requires reliable temperature (Temp) observations in the pre-industrial period when few situ existed Arctic. Tree-ring materials are most available used to reconstruct past Arctic Temp variations. However, previous studies incorporated that insensitive local variabilities. The derived reconstruction qualities low (indicated by calibration R2...

This paper presents an approach to the distributed implementation of multiple rendezvous, including dynamic process creation, as defined by the specification language LOTOS. The approach is based on a so-called activity tree which reflects the dynamic relationships between the active processes within the system, and a virtual ring algorithm for the distributed implementation of a set of rendezv...

Piñon–juniper (PJ) fire regimes are generally characterised as infrequent high-severity. However, PJ ecosystems vary across a large geographic and bio-climatic range and little is known about one of the principal PJ functional types, PJ savannas. It is logical that (1) grass in PJ savannas could support frequent, low-severity fire and (2) exclusion of frequent fire could explain increased tree ...

One of the main elements of dendrochronological standardization is removing the biological trend, i.e. the progressive decline of ring width along a cross-sectional radius that is caused by the corresponding increase in stem size and tree age over time. The ‘‘conservative’’ option for removing this biological trend is to fit a modified negative exponential curve (or a straight line with slope #...

In this study, B12N12 Nano ring has been selected because it consist of four 6-side rings and polar bonds B-N which in comparison with non-polar bonds C-C, is more suitable for the study of the absorption of other compounds. So reactivity and stability of Benzene alone and in the presence B12N12 nano ring field checked. To determine the non-bonded interaction energies between Benzene and B12N12...