This paper describes our efforts towards real-time telephony multi-lingual Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition (LVCSR) system. The trilingual (English, French and Spanish) landline cellular hybrid systems is compared to each of our best monolingual systems. The results are very comparable. The degradation is approximately less than 10%. A HMM state quality measurement technique is ex...

This paper presents how we adapted a website search engine for cross language information retrieval, using the Uplug word alignment tool for parallel corpora.We first studied the monolingual search queries posed by the visitors of the website of the Nordic council containing five different languages. In order to compare how well different types of bilingual dictionaries covered the most common ...

BACKGROUND There is strong evidence that bilinguals have a deficit in speech perception for their second language compared with monolingual speakers under unfavourable listening conditions (e.g., noise or reverberation), despite performing similarly to monolingual speakers under quiet conditions. This deficit persists for speakers highly proficient in their second language and is greater in tho...

This paper presents how we adapted a website search engine for cross language information retrieval, using the Uplug word alignment tool for parallel corpora. We first studied the monolingual search queries posed by the visitors of the website of the Nordic council containing six different languages. In order to compare how well different types of bilingual dictionaries covered the most common ...

From an investigation about the factors influencing the trilingual education in Chinese ethnic minority regions, the author find out that the minority students are incompetent in English learning. Inappropriate teaching strategies, learning materials as well as language policy hinder the development of teaching and learning progress in those areas, which still causes the minority students’ lack...

Most studies involving trilingualism have been carried out within the theoretical framework of bilingualism research. No attempt has been made to delimit trilingualism as a concept in its own right, and often it has been assumed to be an extension of bilingualism. In young children, trilingual language acquisition largely follows the path of bilingual acquisition. With regard to language behavi...

this study explored the nature of transfer among bilingual vs. trilinguals with varying levels of competence in english and their previous languages. the hypotheses were tested in writing tasks designed for 75 high (n= 35) vs. intermediate (n=40) proficient efl learners with turkish, persian, english and persian, english linguistic backgrounds. qualitative data were also collected through some ...

This paper describes a trilingual sign language dictionary (Japanese Sign Language and American Sign Language, and Korean Sign Language) which helps those who learn each sign language directly from their mother sign language. Our discussion covers two main points. The first describes the necessity of a trilingual dictionary. Since there is no "universal sign language" or real "international sig...