please cite this article as: ordobazari m, naqavi al-hosseini aa, zafarmand h. a novel approach for craniofacial symmetry evaluation: using the midsagittal reference line drawn from “crista gali” with nhp technique. novel biomed 2013;1(2):48-53. background and objective: the purpose of this study was the determination of midsagittal reference line (msl) for craniofacial asymmetry assessment by ...

background and aims. this study aimed to establish soft tissue cephalometric standards in iranian adults based on nhp, which can be used in diagnosis of orthodontic and orthognathic patients. materials and methods. a group of 46 individuals (24 males and 22 females) with normal occlusion and proportional facial profile were chosen from a large group of dental students. for the all of the chosen...

The eye line is de ̄ned to be a horizontal line passing the two eyes of a human face. It can be used to help locate the true positions of eyes and face. In this paper, we propose a method to extract the horizontal eye line of a face under various environments. Based on the facts that the eye color is very di®erent from skin color and the gray level variance of an eye is high, some eye-like regio...

Commonly used craniofacial reference planes such as Frankfort Horizontal (FH) and sella-nasion have shortcomings, including their variable interindividual orientation when related to true horizontal (HOR). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential usefulness of a range of craniofacial reference planes to HOR, including those which have not been investigated previously: the ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to verify the intra-individual reproducibility of natural head position (NHP) in centric relation (CR) position, to prove the inter-individual differences in the Frankfort horizontal plane and sella-nasion line compared with the true horizontal line, and to establish linear norms from A-point, B-point, Pog as well as soft tissue A-point, soft tissue B-point,...

Introduction: There are several options for cerebrospinal fluid diversion in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. Fixed and programmable valves, with or without anti-siphon devices, have been used for ventriculoperitoneal shunts and horizontal-vertical valves for lumboperitoneal shunts. Recently, a horizontal-vertical valve was developed for ventriculoperitoneal shunts and has been demo...

Twenty five patients with right cerebral hemisphere damage and neglect participated in a series of bisection experiments. As expected, long lines were bisected to the right of true midpoint. By contrast, large circles and long white paper strips were bisected accurately, or with leftward errors. Small objects were less sensitive to stimulus properties: short lines and paper strips, and small ci...

a fundamental assumption in prosthetic dentistry is that the axis-orbital plane will usually be parallel to the horizontal reference plane. most articulator systems have incorporated this concept into their designs and use orbitale as the anterior reference point for transferring the vertical position of the maxilla to the articulator. clinical observations of cantonese patients suggest that in...