existence of energy reserves as god-given assets was considered as a unique opportunity for the former republics of soviet :union: , their dependence on the former center (russia) for transferring energy to the consuming markets has confronted them with various challenges. as one of these republics, turkmenistan enjoys excellent geo-economic status since a long time ago due to its huge natural ...

extended abstract 1. introduction geopolitical genome is the potential of a country. as the genomics is the study of hundreds or perhaps thousands of simultaneous genetic reactions for identifying the main causes of disease and understanding the mechanism of an organism, the activation and extinguishing of the geopolitical genomes are those adopted policies based on the geographical and human p...

nowadays centeral asia consists of five following independent republics: kazakhstan, kirghizia, uzbekistan, turkmenistan and tajikstan. this part of the world enjoys an extraordinary situation and natural resources and in the ancient times has been the route of silk road. the muslims in this region caused important changes and while making the scientific centers, established many mosques and en...

BACKGROUND There is a health crisis in Turkmenistan similar to, but more severe than, in other Central Asian countries. This paper asks whether the health crisis in Turkmenistan is attributable to the consequences of the dictatorship under president Niyazov, who died in 2006. METHODS The basis for this paper was a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews with key informants complemented ...

having a rentier economy dependent on natural gas exports, turkmenistan was administered as a dictatorship under saparmurat niyazov after it gained independence from the soviet :union:. it also pursued a foreign policy based on non-participation in any international alliance and pact. this paper studies turkmenistan's domestic and foreign policies under his successor president berdimuhamed...