The undercut procedure was presented by Brams et al. [3] as a procedure for identifying an envy-free allocation when agents have preferences over sets of objects. They assumed that agents have strict preferences over objects and their preferences are extended over to sets of objects via the responsive set extension. We point out some shortcomings of the undercut procedure. We then simplify the ...

The undercut procedure was presented by Brams, Kilgour and Klamler (2012) as a procedure for identifying an envyfree allocation when agents have preferences over sets of objects. They assumed that agents have strict preferences over objects and their preferences are extended over to sets of objects via the responsive set extension. We point out some shortcomings of the undercut procedure. We th...

We present an approach for controlling the undercut and the minimal overhang angle in density based topology optimization, which are useful for reducing support structures in additive manufacturing. We cast both the undercut control and the minimal overhang angle control that are inherently constraints on the boundary shape into a domain integral of Heaviside projected density gradient. Such a ...

In this paper, the stress intensity factor (SIF) expression for defected butt welds containing undercut and inclined lack of penetration (LOP) subject to far-field tensile stress is derived. Some of the standards such as ISO 5817 and BS EN 25817 have specified allowable limits for the length of the undercut and LOP defects and for the height of the weld. In addition, EN 29692 standard has deter...

In the mature brain, the K(+)/Cl- cotransporter KCC2 is important in maintaining low [Cl-]i, resulting in hyperpolarizing GABA responses. Decreases in KCC2 after neuronal injuries result in increases in [Cl-]i and enhanced neuronal excitability due to depolarizing GABA responses. We used the gramicidin perforated-patch technique to measure E(Cl) ( approximately E(GABA)) in layer V pyramidal neu...

Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) usually develops in a small percentage of patients of traumatic brain injury after a varying latent period. Modeling this chronic neurological condition in rodents is time consuming and inefficient, which constitutes a significant obstacle in studying its mechanism and discovering novel therapeutics for its prevention and treatment. Partially isolated neocortex, or ...

Reduced synaptic inhibition is an important factor contributing to posttraumatic epileptogenesis. Axonal sprouting and enhanced excitatory synaptic connectivity onto rodent layer V pyramidal (Pyr) neurons occur in epileptogenic partially isolated (undercut) neocortex. To determine if enhanced excitation also affects inhibitory circuits, we used laser scanning photostimulation of caged glutamate...

This study tested the hypothesis that early functional alterations in neuronal synchrony in the partially deafferented cortex may lead to spontaneously occurring electrographic seizures. In vivo experiments with partial deafferentation of cat suprasylvian gyrus after extensive undercut of the white matter were conducted using multi-site EEG, extracellular unit and intracellular recordings. The ...

Cerebral cortex, partially neuronally isolated by undercutting, undergoes changes resulting in decreased threshold for, and increased duration of, afterdlscharge ehmted by surface electrical stimulation3, a4 This phenomenon has been called supersensmvlty and can be prevented in most cases by daily sessions of brain stmlulatlon begun shortly after the undercutting operation a' The absence of sup...

BACKGROUND Implants have been widely used to restore missing teeth. Limited information on applied anatomy at the anterior maxilla compromises the clinical outcome for implant placement in this region. In the current study, Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) was used to measure alveolar ridge and buccal undercut dimension at the anterior maxilla to help develop treatment planning for imme...